足细胞损伤与糖尿病肾病的研究现状

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病最常见的微血管并发症,发病率逐年增加,在终末期肾病中所占比例越来越大.有关糖尿病肾病发病机制的研究,人们早先关注的是肾脏系膜基质堆积和肾小球基底膜增厚.近年来,肾小球滤过屏障结构和功能的改变,尤其是足细胞的在糖尿病肾病发生发展中的作用,成为人们关注和研究的热点.足细胞损伤可分为足细胞密度和数量减少、足细胞肥大变性及足突融合消失,损伤过程中还会出现一些特异蛋白结构及功能改变.足细胞损伤是多因素、多途径综合作用的结果.本文总结了足细胞损伤时的常见表现及其在糖尿病肾病发病机制中的可能作用.

Research advances in podocyte injury and its role in diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. With an increasing prevalence, its proportion in end-stage renal diseases is ascending. Research on the mechanism of diabetic nephropathy was initially focused on the mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membrane. In recent years, changes in the structure and functions of glomerular filtration barriers, especially podocyte injury, has became new hotspots. Podocyte injury involves the decreases in the density and amount of podocytes, the hypertrophy and degeneration of podocytes, and foot-process effacement, along with changes in some specific protein structure and functions. It is the result of multiple factors and multiple pathways. This articles summarizes the common features of podocyte injury and its role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.