深圳市福田区111家企业职业病危害因素监测结果及职业病防治工作开展情况分析

目的了解深圳市福田区用人单位职业病危害情况及企业职业病防治工作现状,探索今后职业病防治工作的重点。方法对2010-2011年辖区作业场所职业病危害因素监测的111家企业监测结果及现场调查情况进行分析。结果化学因素、粉尘、噪声合格率分别为95.7%、89.2%和85.4%,总体差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同规模企业的监测结果总体差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),外资企业监测合格率明显高于其它经济类型企业(P<0.01);小型企业在专/兼职负责人配备率、防护用品配备率、MSDS提供率、健康检查开展率、员工培训率明显低于中型企业(P<0.01或P<0.05);私营企业在专/兼职负责人配备率、防护用品配备率、MSDS提供率、员工培训率明显低于其他经济类型企业(P<0.01);配备了专/兼职职业卫生负责人的企业在防护用品配备率、MSDS提供率、健康检查开展率、员工培训率显高于未配备专/兼职职业卫生负责人的企业(P<0.01)。其中55家企业开展员工培训,培训内容依次为生产技能(83.6%)、岗位操作制度(56.4%)、消防知识(38.2%)、生产安全知识(32.7%)、化学危害知识(23.6%)等。结论深圳市福田区企业职业病危害因素监测结果总体合格率较高,但企业专/兼职负责人配备率、防护用品配备率、MSDS提供率、员工培训率低,尤其是小型企业和私营企业;企业配备专/兼职负责人对职业病防治工作有明显的促进作用;加强健康教育、健康促进是推动企业职业病防治工作开展有效途径,需针对企业经营者、管理层进行干预,促进企业主动开展职业病防治工作。

Analysis on Surveillance Results of Occupational Hazardous Factors and Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention Situation Among 111 Industrial Enterprises in Futian District of Shenzhen

Objective To investigate the current situation of occupational hazardous factors and occupational diseases control and prevention among the enterprises in Futian District of Shenzhen,and to explore the key interventions to promote occupational diseases control and prevention. Methods The surveillance results of occupational hazardous factors and field investigation situation of 111 industrial enterprises in Futian District of Shenzhen were analyzed. Results The qualified rates of chemical factors,dust and noise were 95.7%,89.2% and 85.4%,respectively,and the overall differences were statistically significant among them(P<0.01).There was no statistically significant difference among enterprises with different scales(P>0.05),and the qualified rate of foreign enterprises was significantly higher than that of other economic enterprises(P<0.01).The rates of equipping full-time/part-time administrators,equipping protective articles,providing MSDS,carrying out health examination,and training employees in small enterprises were significantly lower than those in middle enterprises(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The rates of equipping full-time/part-time administrators,equipping protective articles,providing MSDS,and training employees in private enterprises were significantly lower than those in economic enterprises(P<0.01).The rates of equipping protective articles,providing MSDS,carrying out health examination,and training employees in the enterprises with full-time/part-time administrators were significantly higher than those in the enterprises without full-time/part-time administrators(P<0.01).Among the 111 enterprises investigated,there were 55 enterprises carrying out employee training,and training contents were production skills(83.6%),institution of post operation(56.4%),fire fighting knowledge(38.2%),production safety knowledge(32.7%), chemical hazards knowledge(23.6%),and so on. Conclusions The overall qualified rates of surveillance results of occupational hazardous factors in Futian enterprises were higher;however,the rates of equipping full-time/part-time administrators,equipping protective articles,providing MSDS,carrying out health examination,and training employees were low,especially in small enterprises and private enterprises.The enterprises equipping full-time/part-time administrators had promotion effects on occupational diseases prevention and control.To strengthen health education and health promotion are the effective ways to promote occupational diseases control and prevention,intervention objects should aim at enterprise managers and management layer so as to promote enterprises to develop occupational disease control and prevention actively.