麻黄属植物化学成分及临床应用的研究进展

目的：阐述麻黄属植物化学成分及临床应用的研究现状，为麻黄的临床应用提供新的思路。方法：查阅麻黄属植物相关研究文献，总结其化学成分及临床应用概况。结果：麻黄中主要的化合物有麻黄碱类、挥发油类、黄酮类、多糖类和少量的有机酸。目前在麻黄属植物麻黄中麻黄碱的应用十分广泛，除以中药配方应用于临床，已有60余种化学药品以盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱作为有效成分，主治咳嗽。对其挥发油类、黄酮类的临床应用研究不多。麻黄联合化学药品共同使用，弥补了传统中药配方煎熬过程中有效成分的丢失，可以使治疗效果更明显。麻黄多糖抗炎、镇痛、对免疫的影响作用机制尚不确定，有待进一步研究。结论：麻黄作为传统中药，具有较大的药用价值，将为其临床应用提供新的思路。

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Clinical Application of Ephedra Plants

Objective: To discuss the current status of chemical constituents and clinical application of ephedra plants and to provide new ideas for the clinical application. Methods: The literature review of the ephedra plants was used and their chemical constituents and clinical applications were summarized. Results: The main compounds in ephedra are ephedrine, volatile oil, flavonoids, polysaccharides and small amounts of organic acids. At present, ephedrine of the ephedra plant is widely used. In addition to traditional Chinese medicine formula clinical usage, more than 60 kinds of chemicals contain ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride as an active ingredient to cure cough. But few studies on clinical use on volatile oil and flavonoids have been carried out. The loss of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine formula during the process of heating could be reduced by combining ephedra with chemical drugs and the treatment effect was more obvious. On the other hand, the mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and the effect on immune of ephedra polysaccharide was still uncertain, which needs further study. Conclusion: Ephedra, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has a great medicinal value and will provide new potentials for its clinical application.