人乳头瘤病毒的核酸检测

高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染与宫颈癌发生密切相关,低危型感染可引起外生殖器湿疣和宫颈上皮内低度病变。对HPV感染的诊断主要依赖于病毒核酸的检测,方法有探针直接检测、信号放大系统和核酸扩增技术等。其中核酸扩增结合杂交技术对人乳头瘤病毒进行分型,具有较好敏感性和特异性。基因芯片技术具有高通量,自动化等优点,适合人群筛查和流行病学研究。理想的HPV检测方法是具有可调整的临界阳性判定标准以适应不同的需要,同时能进行基因分型。

Molecular diagnosis of human papillomavirus infections

Human papillomavirus(HPV) types are defined to high-risk and low-risk genotypes,infection of high-risk HPV is the main factor involved in the development of cervical cancer and low-risk HPV induce benign genital warts.Diagnosis of HPV infection relies mainly on the detection of viral nucleic acid.There are essentially 3 types of method,used to detect HPV: direct probe methods,signal amplification systems and target amplification systems.PCR and subsequent hybridization can detect individual genotypes with high sensitivities and specificities.Ideal HPV assay should have an adjustable cut-off for detection and linked to a genotyping method.