超声引导下髂动脉破裂出血模型的建立

目的探讨超声引导下使用一次性穿刺活检装置制备髂动脉破裂出血模型的可行性。 方法选用实验动物五指山猪9只，均为雄性，体质量为（14.06±0.31）kg。超声引导下经颈内静脉穿刺留置中心导管给予限量补液及麻醉维持。经颈总动脉穿刺置管并连接压力换能器，通过生物信号采集处理系统连续监测有创动脉血压和心率。在超声引导下使用一次性穿刺活检装置在实验猪的一侧髂动脉进行穿刺，通过二维超声及彩色多普勒超声观察建模前后髂动脉管腔形态及血流动力学变化，以及腹腔及腹膜后积血量。出血30 min后处死动物并进行解剖，采集两侧髂动脉血管标本。 结果建模后9只实验动物均出现髂动脉破裂出血，较建模前血压降低［收缩压：（120.33±16.69）mmHg vs（84.56±13.43）mmHg，P＜0.05；舒张压：（75.11±16.57）mmHg vs（59.44±19.01）mmHg，P＜0.05］，心率增快［（77.89±22.98）次/分 vs（111.33±26.18）次/分，P＜0.05］，符合失血性休克的表现。建模后二维超声及彩色多普勒超声可观察到髂动脉内血流变细、动脉塌陷，较建模前髂动脉内径减小［（0.39±0.63）cm vs（0.22±0.54）cm，P＜0.05）、腹腔内无回声区逐渐扩大［（0.13±0.12）cm vs（3.03±0.99）cm，P＜0.05］。解剖后可观察到腹腔及腹膜后出现巨大血凝块，大体标本可显示髂总动脉破裂口。 结论应用超声引导下穿刺活检的方法可以建立实验猪髂动脉破裂出血模型，方法简便易行，模型稳定，成功率高。

Establishment of an animal model of iliac artery hemorrhage under ultrasound guidance

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of establishing an animal model of iliac artery hemorrhage under ultrasound guidance. MethodsThe experimental animals used in this study were nine male Wuzhishan pigs with a mean weight of (14.06±0.31) kg. Limited fluid resuscitation and application of anesthetic through an internal jugular vein indwelling catheter were given. Invasive arterial blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded using a biological signal collection and processing system connected with a pressure transducer via the arteria carotis connect. Under the guidance of ultrasound, a disposable puncture biopsy device was used to puncture one side of the iliac artery. The changes in the luminal shape and hemodynamics of the iliac artery and the volume of retroperitoneal blood accumulation were observed by ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound. Thirty minutes after hemorrhage, the animals were sacrificed for anatomy, and the specimens of both sides of the iliac artery were collected. ResultsThe rupture of the iliac artery occurred in all nine experimental animals. After puncturing the iliac artery, blood pressure fell systolic pressure: (120.33±16.69) mmHg vs (84.56±13.43) mmHg, P＜0.05; diastolic pressure: (75.11±16.57) mmHg vs (59.44±19.01) mmHg, P＜0.05] and heart rate increased (77.89±22.98) bpm vs (111.33±26.182) bpm, P＜0.05), which was consistent with hemorrhagic shock. The artery rapidly collapsed and the inner diameter of the artery narrowed (0.39±0.63) cm vs (0.22±0.54) cm, P＜0.05]. The maximum depth of ascites increased gradually (0.13±0.12) cm vs (3.03±0.99) cm, P＜0.05]. After the animals were sacrificed and the abdomen was opened, huge blood clots in the abdominal and retroperitoneum were visible. The gross pathological findings confirmed the rupture of the right iliac artery. ConclusionIt is feasible to establish an animal model of iliac artery hemorrhage under the guidance of ultrasound. This method is simple and has a high success rate.