大黄炮制的历史沿革及对化学成分、传统药理作用影响的研究进展

大黄为常用的传统中药,其药理作用和临床应用较广泛。文献调研发现大黄炮制历史悠久,方法多样,而2020年版《中国药典》收录的主要有净制(生大黄)、酒制(酒大黄)、蒸制(熟大黄)、炒炭(大黄炭)等4种炮制品。大黄具有良好的泻下,清热泻火,凉血止血及活血等作用,其主要化学成分是蒽醌/蒽酮类、二苯乙烯类、苯丁酮类、色原酮类、黄酮类及鞣质类化合物。该文总结了大黄炮制的历史沿革和现代炮制工艺研究,以及炮制前后化学成分和药理作用变化的研究进展,并提出了进一步的研究思路。旨在为大黄的炮制机制、有效物质基础及临床应用提供参考。

Research progress on processing history evolution as well as effect on chemical compositions and traditional pharmacological effects of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma

Rhei Radix et Rhizoma(RRR)is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine,with extensive pharmacological effects and clinical applications.This paper summarized processing history evolution of RRR and its effect on chemical compositions and pharmacological effects,and provided feasible insights for further studies on the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of RRR before and after processing.Relevant information demonstrated that RRR has a long history of processing and various methods.At pre-sent,Chinese Pharmacopoeia mainly records four processing methods:cleaning(raw RRR),wine processing(RRR stir-fried with wine),steaming processing(RRR wine steaming),fried charcoal(RRR charring).RRR has a good effect in clearing heat effect,hemostatic effect and blood promoting effect,and its main chemical components are anthraquinone/anthrones,stilbene,phenylbutanone,chromogens,flavonoids and tannin compounds.This paper reviewed the history evolution of RRR and its effect on chemical composition and pharmacological changes,and put forward further study ideas,with the aim to provide a basic reference for processing mechanism,effective material basis and clinical application of RRR.