徐州市住院病人主要疾病构成及居民死因的演变分析

目的　了解 2 0年来住院病人疾病构成比及居民死亡原因的变化趋势 ,为开展人群防治和制定卫生发展战略规划 ,及医学教育改革提供信息资料。方法　根据《徐州市卫生统计资料汇编》中〈徐州市综合医院住院病人疾病分类年表〉 ,按国际疾病分类 ,总结出住院病人疾病分类构成比 ;并根据徐州市卫生防疫站提供的人口死因监测资料 ,对徐州市人口死亡原因构成比进行统计分析。结果　住院病人疾病分类构成比从八十年代初至九十年代末损伤中毒、循环系统、肿瘤住院构成比分别上升为第一、二、三位 ,构成比差异显著。消化系统和呼吸系统及传染病均显著下降。循环系统、肿瘤、呼吸系统等死亡构成比 2 0年来一直依次位居前三位 ,而循环系统死亡构成比明显增加 ,肿瘤有所增加 ,呼吸系统、消化系统和损伤中毒死亡均下降显著。结论　循环系统疾病即心、脑血管病住院和死亡构成比均明显上升 ;心、脑血管疾病及恶性肿瘤已成为人口死亡的主要原因 ,传染病的住院与死亡均明显下降。损伤与中毒、消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病也是常见病、多发病。

Analysis of the Changing of Disease Constituent Ratio in Iinpatients and the Cause of Death

Objectives To investigate the changing tendency of disease constituent ratio in recent years, and provide information for disease prevention and cure in public, and help laying down the sanitation development strategic program and reforming medical education. Methods Based on the in-patients' disease classification chronicle of general hospitals in Xu Zhou, the in-patients' disease classification constituent ratio was summarized according to the international classification of disease. Meanwhile, the constituent ratio of cause of death in population of Xu Zhou was analyzed according to the data of epidemic-prevention station of Xu Zhou. Results From the beginning of 1980s to the end of 1990s, the trauma and toxicosis constituent ratio of inpatients has risen from the third place to the first place, circulatory system disease rose to the second. Tumour rose from the forth place to the third place. On the other hand, the constituent ratio of digestive system disease has fallen from the first place to the fourth place, and that of respiratory system disease fallen from the second to the fifth. On the subject of constituent ratio of death, circulatory system disease has been first place in the past 20 years, it was higher than tumour, which was placed second. The third, fourth and fifth was respiratory system disease, trauma and toxicosis, digestive system disease. Conclusions The constituent ratio of Circulatory system disease, i.e. cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, is rising in both inpatient and cause of death. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and malignant tumour have become the main cause of death. The admission rate and death rate of infection disease is coming down. In addition, trauma and toxicosis, digestive system disease and respiratory system disease were also common and frequently disease.