我国锡矿山的辐射水平和放射卫生防护对策研究

目的 探索辐射水平在我国锡矿山的分布情况,在此基础上提出放射卫生防护的建议,为保护锡矿山井下工人身体健康提供科学依据。方法 分析、应用文献资料和现场调查的测量结果,得到了锡矿山井下工作场所的辐射水平。结果 锡矿山井下环境中γ辐射空气吸收剂量率绝大部份属于正常本底辐射水平。早期,锡矿山井下工作场所空气中氡浓度及氡子体α潜能浓度浓典型值分别为3.12 kBq/m³和5.61μJ/m³。目前,绝大多数锡矿山井下工作场所空气中氡浓度及氡子体α潜能浓度,分别低于1 000 Bq/m³和3.57μJ/m³。结论 锡矿山工作人员中凡个人年有效剂量大于1mSv或物料中天然铀比活度大于1 Bq/g的锡矿山均应进行放射卫生防护的审管。锡矿山井下工作场所空气中氡及氡子体α潜能浓度和井下环境中γ辐射空气吸收剂量率管理限值分别为1 000 Bq/m³、3.57μJ/m³和1μGy/h。锡矿山井下矿工个人剂量管理目标值定为10mSv/a。工作人员总的年有效剂量超过10 mSv时,工作人员应视为放射工作人员。

Radiation Levels and Countermeasure Research on Radiological Protection in Tin Mine in China

Objective To study the distribution of radiation level in our nation＇s tin mine,therefore comes up with proposals on radiological protection and provide scientific evidence on how to protect lives and health of worker underground in tin mine.Methods To get the radiation level of the underground workplaces in tin mine by analysis of research papers and the measuring results from on-scene investigations.Results Majority of the absorbed dose rates of γ radiation in the air of underground workplaces in tin mine falls within the range of radiation levels of normal background.Earlier,the typical values of radon concentration and potential alpha energy concentration of radon daughters in the air of underground workplaces in tin mine are 3.12 kBq/m3 and 5.61μJ/m3 respectively.Now,radon concentration and potential alpha energy concentration of radon daughters in the air of underground workplaces in majority of tin mine are lower than 1 000Bq/m3 and 3.57μJ/m3.Conclusion For these tin mine workers with an average of annual effective dose greater than 1mSv or these of their specific activity for natural uranium in materials are greater than 1Bq/g need to have regulation of radiological protection.The control limits for the radon concentration and the potential alpha energy concentration of radon daughters and the absorbed dose rates of γ radiation in the air of underground workplaces in tin mine are 1 000Bq/m3,3.57μJ/m3 and 1μGy/h respectively.The administrative individual dose for workers working under the ground of tin mine is 10mSv/a.If a worker＇s total annual effective dose is greater than 10mSv,he/she should be considered as radioactive worker.