重度青少年特发性颈椎后凸畸形的手术治疗

目的 探讨重度青少年特发性颈椎后凸畸形的临床特征和手术策略.方法 回顾性分析2003年7月至2007年1月收治的12例重度青少年特发性颈椎后凸畸形患者的临床资料,术前后凸Cobb角55°～73°(平均61°).先以在过伸侧位X线片上测量的椎体后缘切线夹角为依据,决定颈椎后部的椎板及小关节等的截骨角度及范围,行颈后路截骨及前路松解术.术后行颅骨牵引使松解后颈椎后凸达到最大可能的矫正,7～10 d后二期行颈前路矫形、植骨内固定术.分别于术后第3天、3及6个月、1及2年摄颈椎正侧位X线片、MRI,观察矫形效果,植骨融合情况及内固定位置并对比手术前后临床症状的变化.结果 患者畸形外观明显改善,颈部疼痛症状全部消失,神经功能明显恢复.术后MRI显示:颈椎生理曲度重建,后凸畸形区域脑脊液线清晰,脊髓未见压迫.术后第3天X线片显示:后凸Cobb角为-12.3°～11.2°(平均-2.0°).除1例AISA神经功能评分为D级外其他11例AISA神经功能评分均为E级.结论 重度青少年特发性颈椎后凸畸形有其特有的临床特征,对该类患者进行全面评估,分期手术及手术间期持续牵引是较为理想的外科治疗方法.

The surgical treatment of severe adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of severe adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis and the operation method. Methods A retrospective study was performed in 12 adolescent patients with severe cervical kyphosis treated from July 2003 to January 2007. Preoperative the Cobb angle of kyphosis range from 55°to 73°(average 61°). According to the angles between the posterior vertebral body tangents at every involved level on lateral cervical radiograph in extension, the osteotomy angles and range of lamina and facet were decided. The anterior release and posterior osteotomy were performed firstly. Then skull traction was maintained in order to correct the deformity as long as possible, fusion and internal fixation was completed after 7-10 days. The cervical coronal and sagittal planes X-rays and the MR were hold after operation 3 days, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. At the same time the treatment result, bone fusion and the instrumentation were followed up, and the symptoms were compared between pre-operation and post-operation. Results The defect appearance of the patients was improved significantly, with the total disappearance of neck pain and improvement of nerve function. Post-operational cervical spine MR showed that the physiological curve of cervical spine was restored, cerebral spinal fluid line was clear in the kyphosis area and no spinal cord compression was found. X-ray imaging of post-operation 3 d showed that Cobb angle ranged from-12.3°to 11.2°with an average of -2.0°. Beside one patient's AISA score was D, other patient's AISA score was E. Conclusions The severe adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis has its own clinical manifestation. It is an ideal treatment to completely assess the deformity, have staging operation and skull traction between two operations.