儿童与成人分泌性中耳炎的临床分析

目的：探讨儿童与成人分泌性中耳炎（SOM）在病因、病程、临床特征和听力学等方面的异同。方法：对42例（74耳）儿童和34例（43耳）成人SOM患者术前临床资料及听力学检查资料进行对比分析。结果：儿童SOM平均病程较成人短，以腺样体肥大多见，成人以中耳乳突炎多见。C型鼓室导抗图的成人患者鼓室负压大于儿童（P〈0．05）。儿童与成人SOM各频率气导听阈均提高，并且都可出现骨导听阈提高，以高频2、4kHz为主，且成人高频4kHz骨导听阈提高较儿童明显（P〈0．05）。结论：儿童病程一般较成人短，以腺样体肥大多见，易引起中耳积液。儿童SOM与成人一样都可以引起感音神经性聋，以高频损害为主，但高频下降没有成人明显，但由于可造成儿童学语与认知方面的不良后果，应及时干预和诊治。

Clinical analysis of otitis media with effusion in adults and children

Objective:To explore the different and common features between adults and children with otitis media with effusion(OME) on course of disease, clinical characteristics and audiometric changes.Method:Pure tone audiometry, tympanogram and clinical information were analyzed and compared between 34 cases of adults and 42 cases of children with OME.Result:The course of disease was relatively short in children. The adenoid vegetation inflammation was more frequently found in children, while the OME occurred more often in adults. The air conduction and bone conduction threshold increased both in children and adults, particularly at high frequencies of 2 and4 kHz. The bone conduction threshold at 4 kHz in adults was significantly higher than that in children(P<0.05). In the cases with C type tympanogram, the negative pressure in adults was even lower than that in children (P<0.05).Conclusion:The OME in children is often relatively shorter in course of disease, which is mainly caused by adenoid vegetation. Sensorineural deafness can occur both in children and adults, especially at high frequencies. OME in children is less severe, however, it may lead to negative effects in learning and cognition, which should be diagnosed and managed in time.