计划行为理论促进心脏瓣膜置换患者术后抗凝行为的效果

目的探讨应用计划行为理论促进心脏瓣膜置换患者术后抗凝行为的效果。方法以计划行为理论为框架调查心脏瓣膜置换患者术后抗凝行为的影响因素,并制定个体化干预措施;将46例心脏瓣膜置换患者术后根据入院时间分为对照组和干预组,其中对照组接受常规的术后抗凝知识健康教育,干预组在此基础上接受基于计划行为理论的个体化干预,比较两组患者干预后抗凝知识的掌握情况及抗凝并发症的发生情况。结果心脏瓣膜置换患者术后的态度、主观规范和感知行为控制可影响其抗凝行为,其中主观规范对行为意图的影响最大;干预组患者抗凝知识掌握得分高于对照组,干预后抗凝并发症的发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论计划行为理论能有效地影响瓣膜置换患者术后抗凝行为,针对性的干预措施能有效提高患者对抗凝知识的掌握、减少并发症的发生。

Effects of Theory of Planned Behavior in Anticoagulant Management on Anticoagulation after Cardiac Valve Replacement

Objective To investigate the effect of Ajzen＇s （1991） theory of planned behavior （TPB） in the anticoagulant management on anticoagulation after cardiac valve replacement. Methods The individualized interventions were developed according to the influencing factors in the frame work of TPB in the anticoag-ulant management on anticoagulation after cardiac valve replacement. Forty-six patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement were assigned according to their cardinal or even number of admission date into experimental group and control group. In the control group, the routine health education was conducted to the patients, while in the experimental group, the patients accepted the individual intervention on the theory of planned behavior basedon the ractine health education. Comparisons were conducted on the mastery of anticoagulation knowledge and the incidence of anticoagulation therapy. Results Attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control all affected the anticoagulant behavior, and subjective norms had the most influential effect on behavioral intentions. Compared with the control group,the score of awareness of anticoagulation knowledge was significantly higher and the incidence of anticoagulation compilations was significantly lower in the experimental group（P;0.05）. Conclusion TPB can effectively extract the major influencing factors of anticoagulant behavior in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. Targeted interventions can effectively improve the mastery of patients＇ anticoagulation knowledge and reduce the inci-dence of complications.