鄂西北山区结核病患者健康教育效果评价

目的 了解结核病患者结核病防治知识健康教育效果.方法 以问卷调查的方式了解结核病患者健康教育前后结核病相关知识的知晓程度.结果 健康教育前结核病患者基本知晓结核病一般知识,但对结核病症状、检查、转诊、治疗、政策等知识缺乏,并且卫生习惯欠佳.对结核病常见症状、日常接触是否可以感染结核病、有了结核病到哪里就诊、结核病诊断方法、治愈结核病的关键措施、我国政府对结核病患者的治疗政策这6个问题回答准确率较低,分别是39.2%、27.7%、41.2%、30.4%、25.0%、33.1%;健康教育后这6个问题回答正确率分别是90.5%、87.8%、88.5%、89.2%、87.2%、87.8%.恐惧结核病,面对别人大声说笑、咳嗽、打喷嚏、随地吐痰,不接受痰菌及X线检查,不同意转诊到结核病防治所或疾病预防控制中心的人员健康教育前分别为84.5%、66.2%、23.6%、20.3%;健康教育后分别为8.1%、6.8%、2.0%、0.7%,两者相比均存在显著性差异.结论 健康教育能提高结核病患者的相关防治知识水平,能使结核病患者心理、态度及行为明显改善,有利于控制结核病的传播,降低结核病的发病率.

Effect of the health education on tuberculosis patients in the northwest mountainous areas of Hubei Province

Objective To find out the degree of the knowledge on the prevention and cure of tuberculosis that TB patients hold.Methods The degree of the knowledge on the prevention and cure of tuberculosis that TB patients hold was(explored by using of the questionnaire).Results Before the health education,TB patients had common sense of the disease,but they were short of knowledge such as symptom,examination,transferring(to another hospital),therapy,and policy of the tuberculosis and they were lacking of hygienic knowledge.There were six aspects such as the common symptoms of TB;if body contact in daily life can spread the disease;where can cure the disease;the main diagnostic methods to treat TB;the key measure to cure TB;government's policy for TB patients.The correction rates of those six questions were low,they are 39.2%,27.7%,41.2%,30.4%,25.0% and 33.1%.After the education,the rates became 90.5%,87.8%, 88.5%,89.2%,87.2% and 87.8%.The percentages of the people who fear TB,ones who laugh,speak,cough,sneeze face to face with others and spit everywhere, ones who do not take sputum bacterium test and X-ray test,and ones who refuse to transfer to Prevention and Cure of Tuberculosis Clinic or Prevention and Control of Infections Center are 84.5%,66.2%,23.6% and 20.3%.After the education,the percentages became 8.1%,6.8%,2.0%,and 0.7%.There is a significant difference compared with the rates before the health education.Conclusion This research suggests that the health education can enrich TB patients' knowledge on the prevention and cure of tuberculosis,relieve their psychological fear,change their attitude and behaviors,which is efficient to control spreading of TB and to decrease the incidence of TB as well.