金砖五国药物政策比较及对我国的启示

目的:比较巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非五个金砖国家的药物政策,为进一步完善我国的基本药物制度提供借鉴.方法:采用系统评价的方法,对比研究和系统总结这些国家药物政策及部分国家实施基本药物制度的经验.结果:巴西实施基本药物制度,并开办大众药店;俄罗斯实施医药分离制度;印度德里的基本药物制度模式具有典型代表性;南非政府集中采购与配送等.这些金砖国家的药物政策各有其特点,但目的一致,即增加大众对低价、高质量药品的可获得性.结论:金砖国家药物政策改革成效显著,但各国政府在深化医药改革中依然面临着严峻的挑战,还需要根据本国国情不断地探索,同时借鉴发达国家的经验,进一步巩固与完善本国的药物政策.

Comparative study on drug policies of BRICs and its implications to China

Objective:To compare drug policies in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICs), summarize the experiences from the process of implementation and provide some suggestions to further improve the national drug policy in China. Methods:National drug polices of BRICs and experiences in the implementation of essential medicine policy were summed up systematically by means of systematic review. Results: Essential medicine policy and popular pharmacy are implemented in Brazil; Pharmaceutical separation system is established in Russia; the mode of essential medicine policy in Delhi is typical in India; Government of South African focuses on procurement and distribution of drugs. Although drug policies of BRICs have their own characteristics, the objective is to increase the public access to low-cost, high-quality drugs. Conclusions: Despite the BRICs have attained some achievements, they still face serious challenges in deepening the health care reform. Hence, they need to explore the measures continuingly consisting with their national conditions, and learn from the experiences of developed countries to further consolidate and improve the national drug policies.