体位变化对正常眼与青光眼眼压的影响

目的 研究正常人及青光眼患者由坐位改为去枕平卧位时眼压随时间的变动规律。 方法 选择2012 年11 月- 2013年1 月在本院眼科诊断为青光眼的患者12 例（24 只眼），平均年龄（27.5±7.0） 岁，选择正常志愿者22 例（44 只眼），平均年龄（25.7±4.3） 岁。以回弹式眼压计为剂量仪器，患者及正常志愿者测试体位由坐位改为去枕平卧位，并且持续监测去枕平卧位后5 min，10 min，15 min，20 min，25 min 及30 min 眼压。 结果 青光眼组坐位眼压为（16.875±9.441） mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa），去枕平卧位5 min、10 min、15 min、20 min、25 min 及30 min 眼压为（24.500±9.200） mmHg、（24.083±9.453） mmHg、（25.333±8.004） mmHg、（25.417±7.902） mmHg、（25.167±9.796） mmHg、（22.417±9.681） mmHg。正常志愿者坐位眼压为（17.409±2.576） mmHg，去枕平卧位相应时间分别为（24.136±3.550） mmHg、（23.273±2.815） mmHg、（22.682±3.772） mmHg、（21.727±3.718） mmHg、（18.955±3.415） mmHg、（18.091±3.407） mmHg。青光眼组去枕平卧20 min 后眼压增高到最大值，与坐位眼压相比差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05），继而眼压逐渐下降。正常人去枕平卧5 min 后眼压增高至最大值，与坐位眼压相比差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05），随后眼压逐渐下降。 结论 青光眼患者及正常人平卧位眼压高于初坐位眼压，两组去枕平卧眼压均先升后降。

Effect of posture on intraocular pressure in normal and glaucoma patients

Objective To study the effect of posture on intraocular pressure （IOP） in normal and glaucoma patients. Methods Twelve glaucoma patients （24 eyes） at the mean age of 27.5 ± 7.0 years admitted to our hospital from November 2012 to January 2013 served as a glaucoma and 22 normal volunteers （44 eyes） at the mean age of 25.7 ± 4.3 years served as control group in this study. Their IOP at sitting position and horizontal position was measured with a rebound ophthalmotonometer. Their IOP at horizontal position was measured at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min, respectively. Results The average IOP was 16.875 ± 9.441 mmHg （1 mmHg=0.133 kPa） and 17.409 ± 2.576 mmHg, respectively in glaucoma group and control group at horizontal position. The average IOP was 24.500 ± 9.200 mmHg, 24.083 ± 9.453 mmHg, 25.333 ± 8.004 mmHg, 25.417 ± 7.902 mmHg, 25.167 ± 9.796 mmHg, 22.417 ± 9.681 mmHg respectively and 24.136 ± 3.550 mmHg, 23.273 ± 2.815 mmHg, 22.682 ± 3.772 mmHg, 21.727 ± 3.718 mmHg,18.955 ± 3.415 mmHg, 18.091 ± 3.407 mmHg respectively in glaucoma group and control group at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min. The IOP reached its peak in glaucoma group at horizontal position at 20 minutes and was significantly higher than in control group （P 〈 0.05）, and then gradually decreased. Conclusion The IOP is higher in normal and glaucoma patients at horizontal position than at sitting position. The IOP increases at first and then decreases in the two groups at horizontal position.