临沂市狂犬病流行状况及防制对策分析

目的分析临沂市狂犬病的流行情况,为狂犬病的防制对策制定提供依据. 方法对2002年12月份以来临沂市发生的所有狂犬病病例,采用全省统一的个案调查表进行流行病学调查分析. 结果 2002年12月～2005年10月,全市共报告发生狂犬病60例,分布在8个县区的44个乡镇的59个村.发病以中老年农民为主（50岁以上年龄组发病37例,占61.67%;农民48例,占80.00%）.无明显季节高峰.传染源主要为犬,其次为猫.多数病例暴露后未及时、正确处理伤口和接种狂犬病疫苗.潜伏期最短12d,最长99d,中位数为50d;咬伤部位不同,潜伏期不同,由短到长依次为头面部、手（上肢）和下肢;病程1～11d,中位数3d. 结论加强犬的管理,提高犬的免疫接种率;暴露后及时、规范地伤口处理和接种狂犬病疫苗;加强相关部门之间的协作是防制狂犬病的有效措施.

Analysis of prevalent situation of rabies in Linyi City and control measures

Objective To analyze the prevalent situation of rabies in Linyi City and put forward the measures for prevention and control of rabies. Methods All rabies case discovered since Dec. 2002 were surveyed by using the uniform individual questionnaire in Linyi City , Shandong Province. Results There totally 60 rebies cases were discovered since from Dec. 2002 to Oct.2005 in 59 villages of 44 towns in 8 counties . Most of the cases were middle and senior aged farmers ,accounted for 80.00% (48/60) and 37 cases were over the age of 50 years old occupied 61.67%. There was no obvious seasonal peaks and the main infectious source was dogs, next was cats. The wounds in a majority of the cases were neither treated in time and properly , nor immunized with rabies vaccine after bitten. The shortest prepatent period was 12 days and the longest ones were 99 days with a median of 50 days. The perpatent periods varied based on the sites of biting.. The course of the disease was from 1 to 11 days with median of 3 days. Conclusion The effective measures be taken including strengthening management of dogs, enhancement of immuniztion rate in the dogs, vaccination of the cases after bitten and properly and standardizedly treatment of the wounds and intensification of cooperation between sectors.