Chemoprevention of liver cancer by plant polyphenols |
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Authors: | Dimitrios Stagos Gregorios D. Amoutzias Antonios Matakos Argyris Spyrou Aristides M. Tsatsakis Dimitrios Kouretas |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 and Aiolou, Larissa 41221, Greece;2. Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion 71003, Greece |
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Abstract: | Primary liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent tumors representing the fifth commonest malignancy worldwide and the third cause of mortality from cancer. Currently, the treatments for HCC are not so effective and new strategies are needed for its fight. Chemoprevention, the use of natural or synthetic chemical agents to reverse, suppress or prevent carcinogenesis is considered an important way for confronting HCC. Many of the chemopreventive agents are phytochemicals, namely non-nutritive plant chemicals with protective or disease preventive properties. In this review, we focus on plant polyphenols, one of the most important classes of phytochemicals, their chemopreventive properties against HCC and discuss the molecular mechanisms accounting for this activity. |
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Keywords: | 2-AAF, 2-acetylaminoflourene AFB(1), aflatoxin B1 AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase AP-1, activator protein-1 c-JNK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases1/2 Caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid CAPE, caffeic acid phenethyl ester CAV1, caveolin-1 Cdk2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2 CYP450, cytochrome P450 DEN, diethylnitrosamine DHPN, N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine DTD, DT-diaphorase EGF, epidermal growth factor EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase FAA, N-2-fluorenylacetamide FAK, focal adhesion kinase GADD153, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 153 GGT+, c-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive GJIC, gap junctional intercellular communication GPx, glutathione peroxidase GR, glutathione reductase GSH, reduced glutathione GST, glutathione S-transferase GST-P, glutathione-S-transferase placental form Hsp70, heat shock protein 70 Hsps, heat shock proteins HO-1, heme oxygenase-1 HBV, hepatitis B virus HCV, hepatitis C virus HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma HGF, hepatocyte growth factor HIF-1alpha, hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule IL-1, interleukin IQ, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4-5-f] quinilone I.P., intraperitoneal MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase MDA, malondialdehyde (MDR)1, multigrug resistance MMPs, metalloproteinases MUC1, mucin1 NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase Nrf2, NF-E2-related factor NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B ODC, ornithine decarboxylase P-gp, P-glycoprotein P13K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PAR, proteinase-activated receptor PARP, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase PB, phenobarbital PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen PKC, protein kinase PHB, prohibitin PRDX6, peroxiredoxin 6 RKIP, Raf kinase inhibitor protein ROS, reactive oxygen species SOD, superoxide dismutase Spred-1 and -2, sprout-related protein 1 Spred-2, sprout-related protein 2 TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive species TCTP, translationally controlled tumour protein TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 4E-BP1, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 |
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