城市社区中静脉吸毒者艾滋病综合防治研究

目的 研究适合中国国情的针对城市社区中静脉吸毒者的艾滋病综合防治模式。方法 开展政策倡导、宣传教育、针具交换和清洁针具、自愿咨询检测、安全套推广、美沙酮社区维持治疗等活动，采取定量和定性方法进行效果评估。结果 吸毒者的艾滋病知晓率从23．9％上升到68．6％，最近1月共用针具高危行为从54．1％减少到18．4％，社区、人员和机构能力提高，社会治安有所好转，政府部门和社区主动参与到各项艾滋病防制工作中，形成有利于开展艾滋病防制工作的社会环境。结论 在城市社区针对静脉吸毒者开展包括倡导、宣传教育、针具交换、自愿咨询检测、安全套推广、美沙酮治疗等的综合防治措施是控制HIV在城市社区静脉吸毒者中传播的有效手段。

Study on Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment Among IV Drug Users in Urban Communities

Objective To explore a comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment model among IV drug users in urban communities based on the situation of China. Methods We carried out activities such as policy advocating, publicizing and education, needle exchange, syringes clearing, voluntary consulting and detection, condom generalization, methadone maintenance therapy in communities, and so on during the study. Quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted to evaluate the effects. Results Awareness of HIV/AIDS increased from 23.9% to 68.6% and high risk behavior of needle share decreased from 54.1% to 18.4% among IV drug users in recent 1 month. The capability of communities, personnel and agencies was improved. Public security was better. Governments and communities participated in campaigns against HIV actively and a favorable social environment against HIV was formed. Conclusions Comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment measures including advocating, education, needle exchange, voluntary consulting and detection, condom generalization, and methadone maintenance therapy in communities are effective measures to control the transmission of HIV among .IV drug users in urban communities.