女性冠心病患者临床表现特点分析

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病,CHD）患者性别差异与临床表现的关系。方法将2007年1月至2008年12月住院并接受冠状动脉造影（CAG）的410例患者按性别分为两组,其中男性组267例、女性组143例,采用回顾性分析方法对两组病例临床资料、心电图和CAG结果进行对比。结果与男性患者相比,女性患病的年龄偏大,临床常伴发高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症,常有心悸、气短、恶心或呕吐和肩背放射性疼痛的伴发症状,临床表现和心电图对于确诊CHD的特异性低,冠状动脉造影多为单支病变,狭窄程度较轻。结论女性CHD患者发病年龄大、心绞痛不典型,伴随症状多,病变较轻,心电图对女性CHD患者的诊断有一定的局限性。

Clinical manifestation characteristics of female patients with coronary heart disease

Objective To investigate the relationship between sex difference and clinical manifestations in the patients with coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods All 410 patients with CHD,hospitalized and had coronary angiography （CAG） from January 2007 to December 2008,were divided into the male group （n=267） and female group （n=143） according to sex. The clinical materials and the results of electrocardiogram （ECG） and CAG were compared by using retrospective analysis in two groups. Results Compared with the male patients,the female patients were older and accompanied more commonly by hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipidemia. They often had palpitations,shortness of breath,nausea or vomiting,and radiological pain of shoulder. The specificity of clinical manifestations and ECG for the diagnosis of CHD is lower. The results of CAG showed that they had mostly single vessel disease and milder stenosis. Conclusion The female CHD patients are older with atypical angina,concomitant symptoms and milder CHD. ECG is limited in the diagnosis of CHD in female patients.