新生儿呼吸机相关肺炎危险因素和病原学分析

目的 探讨新生儿呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)的危险因素及病原菌分布.方法 回顾分析2003年1月至2006年10月宁波市妇女儿童医院新生儿科机械通气时间>48 h的138例患儿的临床资料,对VAP的危险因素进行统计学分析.结果 138例机械通气患儿发生VAP 56例,发病率为40.6%.在营养不良、反复气管插管、反复吸痰、留置胃管、体位、肺透明膜病、胎龄、出生体重、插管天数、住院时间方面,VAP患儿与非VAP患儿的差异有显著性(P<0.05).56例VAP患儿中,气道分泌物细菌培养阳性48例(86%).VAP的主要致病菌为肺炎克雷白杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌属、阴沟肠杆菌.结论 缩短机械通气时间、避免反复气管插管、留置胃管、采取半卧体位可以降低VAP的发病率,耐药性条件致病菌的综合防治至关重要.

Risk factors and pathogenic analysis in the newborn infants with ventilator-associated pneumonia

Objective To investigate the risk factors and microbial causes related to the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP).Methods Totaly 138 intubated newborn infants for longer than 48 hours in Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital were studied,who were divided into VAP group (56 cases)and non VAP group(82 cases).Microbial causes of VAP were analyzed.Results Malnutrition,repeated tracheal intubation,repeated endotracheal suctioning,indwelling tube,posture,hyaline membrane disease,gestational age,birth weight,duration of intubation,duration of hospitalization were independent risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia(P<0.05).Klebsiella pneumoniae,pseudomonas aeruginosa,acinetobacter species and enterobacter cloacae were the main pathogenic bacteria of VAP.Conclusion Shortening of mechanical ventilation duration,avoiding repeated tracheal intubation and indwelling tube usage,semi-fowler positioning can lower the incidence of VAP.Pathogenic bacteria control is essential for VAP.