电子制造业作业工人肌肉骨骼损伤与工效学负荷水平相关性研究

目的 评估某电子工厂作业工人工效学负荷，探讨其与肌肉骨骼损伤之间的相关性。
方法 采用横断面与回顾性调查相结合的方法，选择工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤快速暴露检查表（quick exposure check，QEC）和Nordic肌肉骨骼问卷，对某电子工厂作业工人的工效学负荷与肌肉骨骼损伤发生情况进行调查与分析。
结果 回收有效问卷636份，研究对象颈部、肩部、手腕/手掌和下背/腰部肌肉骨骼损伤患病人数（患病率）依次为74人（11.6%）、62人（9.7%）、37人（5.8%）、54人（8.5%）。下背/腰部患病率男性高于女性（P < 0.05），而手腕/手掌患病率女性高于男性（P < 0.05）。肩部患病率随着总工龄的升高而升高（P < 0.01），颈部、下背/腰部、肩部患病率均呈随现岗位工龄增长而升高的趋势（P均 < 0.05）。肩部MSDs患病组的QEC分值高于非患病组（P < 0.05）。QEC分值中MSDs患者组颈部、肩部工作节奏得分及紧张得分均高于非MSDs患者组（P < 0.05）。颈部MSDs患病率随负荷水平的升高而增高（P < 0.01）。
结论 电子制造企业作业工人肩部MSDs的患病情况较突出，与工效学负荷水平、工龄、紧张水平等因素有关，须对其采取有效的控制措施。

Musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic load level of workers in electronic manufacturing industry

Objective To evaluate the ergonomics load of workers in an electronic factory and to explore its correlation with musculoskeletal disorders. Methods The ergonomic load and musculoskeletal disorders of workers in an electronic factory were investigated with the questionnaires of both quick exposure check (QEC) table and Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. Results Totally 636 workers were surveyed, among whom 74(11.6%), 62(9.7%), 37(5.8%), and 54(8.5%)workers had neck, shoulder, wrist/palm and waist/lower back muscle disorders, respectively. The prevalence of lower back/waist disorders was higher in males than in females (P < 0.05), while that of wrist/palm disorders was higher in females than in males (P < 0.05). The incidence of shoulder disorders increased with the increment of the total employment time (P < 0.01), and the incidence of neck, lower back/waist and shoulder disorders increased with the increment of the service time in this factory(P < 0.05). The QEC score of workers with shoulder MSDs was higher than that of workers without shoulder MSDs (P < 0.05). The scores of work rhythm and stress among workers with neck and shoulder MSDs were higher than those in workers without MSDs (P < 0.05). The prevalence of cervical MSDs increased with the increasing load level(P < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of shoulder and arm MSDs of workers in the electronic factory was relatively obvious, which was related to the ergonomics load level, service time and the level of tension. Therefore, effective control measures should be taken against it.