Development of a trail running injury screening instrument: A multiple methods approach |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;2. Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;3. Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Pretoria, South Africa;4. Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;5. Medical Board Member, World Netball, Manchester, United Kingdom;6. School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;7. Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa;8. School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;9. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;1. Applied Neuromechanics Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil;2. Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;3. Research Group in Medical Physics (GIFIME), Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;4. IIS Aragon - iHealthy, Department of physiatry and nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain;1. Rehabilitation, Orthopedics, and Sports Medicine, University of Washington Sports Medicine, 3800 Montlake Boulevard Northeast, Box 354060, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;2. Seattle Children’s Sports Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98145, USA;3. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;4. Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr Alway Bldg M121 MC 5119, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;1. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, 645 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1100, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States;2. Northwestern University, Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, 320 E Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States;3. Tufts University, School of Medicine, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States;1. TRIA Orthopedic Center, 8100 Northland Drive, Bloomington, MN 55431, United States;2. Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4190 Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States;3. Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 685 Highland Ave, MFCB 1636, Madison, WI 53705, United States;4. Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 W College Ave, Saint Peter, MN 56082, United States;1. Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium;2. La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia;3. Complete Sports Care, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia;4. Department of Surgery, St Vincent''s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia;5. Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo develop a trail running injury screening instrument (TRISI) for utilisation as clinical decision aid in determining if a trail runner is at an increased risk for injury.DesignMultiple methods approach.MethodsThe study utilised five phases 1) identification of injury risk factors 2) determining the relevance of each identified risk factor in a trail running context, 3) creating the content of the Likert scale points from 0 to 4, 4) rescaling the Likert scale points to determine numerical values for the content of each Likert scale point, and 5) determining a weighted score for each injury risk factor that contributes to the overall combined composite score.ResultsOf the 77 identified injury risk factors, 26 were deemed relevant in trail running. The weighted score for each injury risk factor ranged from 2.21 to 5.53 with the highest calculated score being 5.53. The final TRISI includes risk categories of training, running equipment, demographics, previous injury, behavioural, psychological, nutrition, chronic disease, physiological, and biomechanical factors.ConclusionThe developed TRISI aims to assist the clinician during pre-race injury screening or during a training season to identify meaningful areas to target in designing injury risk management strategies and/or continuous health education. |
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| Keywords: | Off-road running Clinical decision aid Risk management Running Injury |
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