Quinaldic acid in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and its effect on synoviocytes in vitro

Background

Previously, we have demonstrated that kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan formed along kynurenine pathway, is present in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. In this study, the goal was to investigate the presence of quinaldic acid (QUDA), a putative metabolite of KYNA, in synovial fluid of RA and OA patients.

Methods

The effect of QUDA on proliferation and motility of synovial fibroblasts and its interaction with KYNA were determined in vitro. The study was conducted on synovial fluid obtained from 38 patients with RA and 15 patients with OA. QUDA was identified and quantified using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. In vitro experiments were conducted on rabbit synoviocyte cell line HIG-82.

Results

Presence of QUDA was detected in all 53 samples of synovial fluid. The concentration of QUDA in synovial fluid obtained from patients with RA was 28.6?±?14.9?pmol/ml, which was lower in comparison with OA 42.3?±?10.0?pmol/ml. QUDA content positively correlated with the number of tender joints and negatively with the total cell counts determined in synovial fluid of RA patients. It did not correlate with KYNA content. QUDA reduced both proliferation and motility of synoviocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The enhancement of antiproliferative action of QUDA by KYNA was evidenced.

Conclusions

Data show a local deficit of QUDA in RA patients and suggest its potential role as an endogenous substance controlling synoviocyte viability.