十二种国产麻黄的品质评价

本文应用高效液相色谱法对我国24个产地所产的12种麻黄生药进行了六种生物碱的定量分析,这六种生物碱是:麻黄碱(ephedrine),伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine),去甲基麻黄碱(norephedrine),去甲基伪麻黄碱(norpseudoephedrine),甲基麻黄碱(methylephedrine)和甲基伪麻黄碱(methylpseudoephedrine)。根据分析结果,对这些麻黄生药的品质作出了评价。

QUALITY EVALUATION OF TWELVE SPECIES OF CHINESE EPHEDRA(MA HUANG)

The contents of six Ephedra alkaloids, namely ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, methylephedrine and methyl-pseudoephedrine, in 12 species of Chinese Ephedra collected in 24 districts were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Zorbax CN column (25 cm x 4.6 mm I.D.) was used and the temperature of column oven was 23-25 degrees C. Dibutylamine phosphate solution 0.0009 mol/L (pH 2.2) was used as the mobile phase at flow rates: 0.8 ml/min for the first 7 minutes, raised to 1.5 ml/min in 30 sec and maintained for 16 minutes. The alkaloids eluted were detected at wave-length 210 nm. The results showed that ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the main components in these Ephedra herbs, but the contents of the six Ephedra alkaloids vary greatly with the plant species. The contents of total alkaloids are higher and ephedrine is the main component in samples derived from Ephedra sinica, E. equisetina, E. monosperma and E. intermedia var. tibetica; but in E. intermedia and E. lomatolepis, the content of pseudoephedrine is higher than that of ephedrine. Methylephedrine content is higher in E. intermedia var. tibetica produced in Xizang (Tibet) and in E. sinica produced in north-eastern China than that in other species. The results also showed that the samples derived from E. przewalskii and E. lepidosperma contain so little alkaloids (less than 0.1%) that they are considered not suitable to be used as the drug Ma Huang. It is of interest that the cultivated Ephedra sinica showed lower alkaloids content compared with that growing wild.