前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌诊治特点分析

目的 探讨前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌(SCPCa)的临床特征和诊疗方法.方法 SCPCa患者4例,平均年龄62(25～77)岁.表现进行性排尿困难4例,慢性尿潴留2例,上尿路积水2例.直肠指检前列腺巨大、质硬包块;血tPSA 0.57～6.36 ng/ml,f/tPSA 0.26～0.63.B超、CT、MRI检查见前列腺区3.9 cm×3.9 cm× 1.6 cm～11.3 cm× 7.9 cm×9.5 cm肿块,形态不规则,侵犯精囊2例、直肠2例、单侧输尿管下端2例、骶骨1例,盆腔淋巴结转移3例、肝转移1例、肺转移1例;全身骨扫描示多处骨转移3例.结果 4例均经前列腺穿刺活检确诊,光镜下见癌细胞呈卵圆形或梭形,体积小、胞质少,界限欠清,核分裂相多见,染色质深染;免疫组化染色:ChA(+)4例、NSE(+)2例、PSA(-)4例.采用以顺铂为基础的化疗、放疗、化疗加放疗各1例,近期疗效较好,但分别于6、9、11个月出现全身广泛转移;放弃治疗1例;1年内死亡3例,失访1例.结论 SCPCa临床罕见,肿瘤恶性度高、生长快,发生转移早且严重,诊断依靠病理检查,综合治疗效果不佳,预后极差.

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate

Objective To review the clinical features of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (SCPCa). Methods The ages of 4 cases were 25-77 years. Four cases had progressive dysuria with 2 cases had chronic urinary retention and 2 had upper urinary tract hydronephrosis. On admission, all cases were palpated a hard prostate mass in digital rectal examination. Serum tPSA were 0. 57-6.36 ng/ml with a ratio f/t PSA 0. 26-0.63. B ultrasound, CT and MRI detected 3.9 cm×3. 9 cm×1.6 cm-11.3 cm×7. 9 cm×9. 5 cm irregular shape mass in prostate. 2 cases had seminal vesicle involved, 2 cases had rectum involved, 2 had unilateral ureter involved, and 1 case had sacrum involved. Pelvic lymphonodes metastasis were seen in 3 cases. Bone scan detected multiple bone metastasis in 3 patients. Results The final diagnoses were accomplished by prostate biopsy. Under light microscope, tumor cells were orbivular-ovate or fusiform shape, small volume, and had little cytoplasm. The margin of tumor cells was not clear. Caryokinesis phase could be found with hyperchromatic chromatin. Immunohistochemistry showed positive ChA staining in 4 eases, positive NSE expression in 2 patients and negative PSA in 4 cases. 3 cases were given cisplatin-based chemotherapy, pelvic radiation, or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. All patients appeared widespread metastasis quickly and died or lost visit within one year. Conclusions SCPCa is a rare, poor prognosis malignancy with early extensive metastasis. The diagnosis is based on pathology.