蚌埠市初中生行为问题现况及其影响因素研究

目的了解初中生行为问题现状及分布特点,分析其影响因素,为采取相应的干预措施提供依据．方法整群抽取蚌埠市4所中学的初一和初二年级学生3559人,以Conners儿童行为问卷(父母问卷)凋查并评定学生的行为问题,以自编的问卷调查学生父母的人口统计学变量、儿童出生情况、母亲妊娠史等。计算6种行为问题和总行为问题的检出率,分析行为问题在不同人口统计学变量中的分布特征,并进行影响因素的单因素和多因素分析。结果初中生总行为问题检出率为8．0％。初一学生为74％,初二学生为8．6％,差异无显著性(70=1．51,P=0．22);独生子女为8．0％,非独生子女为8．1％,差异无显著性(X^2=0．026,P=0.87);各年龄组(11～16岁)检出率差异亦无显著性(X^2=6．687,P=0．083);男生总行为问题检出率为5．9％,女生为10．1％,差异有显著性(X^2=20．51,P=0．000)：多元Logistic回归分析显示,初中生行为问题危险因素主要有女孩、母亲文化程度低、教育子女为父亲或母亲一方的、父母的教育态度不一致、采取以惩罚为主的教育方式、家庭气氛不和睦、母亲年龄偏大或偏小、母亲人工流产史、母亲孕期贫血、母亲妊娠早期高热、儿童出生时窒息和新生儿期因黄疸住院。结论对青春期学生的行为问题应给予足够的重视,尤其是女生。家长应给子女提供良好的心理健康环境,同时应重视围产期保健,以减少青春期学生的行为问题发生率,保证初中生的心理健康。

Prevalence of Behavioral Problems and Related Factors Among Junior Middle School Students

Objective To understand the prevalence of behavioral problems and the distribution features among junior middle school students, to analyze the related factors, and to provide basis for developing intervention.Methods Three thousand five hundred and fifty-nine students of grade 1 - 2 in 4 junior middle schools in Bengbu were selected as subjects, they were surveyed with a questionnaire including Conners Child Behavior Checklist (CCBC) for parents,the demographic characteristics of the parents, birth status of children,maternal pregnancy status etc.The prevalence of six factors and general behavioral problems was computed, and the demographic characteristics of behavioral problems were analyzed. The factors related to behavioral problems were analyzed with the methods of univariable analysis and multiple non-conditional Logistic regression model. Results The prevalence of general behavioral problems among junior middle school students was 8.0% . No difference was found in prevalence of general behavioral problems between grade one(7.4%) and grade two (8.6% )(x2= 1.51 ,P = 0.22), only-child(8.0%) and not-only-child(8.1 %)(x2 = 0.026, P = 0.87), and different ages (11 - 16) (x2 = 6 687, P = 0.083), but between males(5.9%) and females(10. 1%) , the difference was significant(x2 = 20.51, P = 0.000) . By using non-conditional Logistic multiple regression, the risk factors for general behavioral problems among junior middle school students were female, maternal worse education background, educators being one of parents, parents' attitudes being contradictory, parental education ways of punishment and bad family atmosphere, maternal age being older or vounger, experience of induced abortion, anemia or high fever during early pregnancy, child's history of birth asphyxia and being hospitalized because of neonate jaundice.Conclusion Behavioral problems of adolescent students should be paid attention to, especially females. Parents should give children good mental environments, and attach importance to the health care of pregnancy to lessen the behavioral problems of adolecents and improve the mental health of junior middle school students.