Age-related oxidative decline of mitochondrial functions in rat brain is prevented by long term oral antioxidant supplementation

A combination of antioxidants (N-acetyl cysteine, α-lipoic acid, and α-tocopherol) was selected for long term oral supplementation study in rats for protective effects on age-related mitochondrial alterations in the brain. Four groups of rats were chosen: young control (6–7 months); aged rats (22–24 months); aged rats (22–24 months) on daily antioxidant supplementation from 18 month onwards and young rats (6–7 months) on daily antioxidant supplementation from 2 month onwards. The brain mitochondrial functional parameters, status of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of oxidative damage markers were measured in the four groups of rats. A significant decrease in complex IV activity and a loss of transmembrane potential and phosphorylation capacity along with an increased accumulation of oxidative damage markers and compromised antioxidant enzyme status were noticed in aged rat brain mitochondria as compared to that in young controls, but in aged rats supplemented with oral antioxidants the mitochondrial alterations were largely prevented. Antioxidant supplementation in young rats had no effect on mitochondrial parameters investigated in this study. The results have implications in biochemical and functional deficits of brain during aging as well as in neurodegenerative disorders.