歼击机平视显示器速度、高度、航向信息显示格式对飞行员认知绩效的影响

目的 比较平视显示器(HUD)速度、高度和航向信息各自3种不同显示格式对飞行员认知绩效的影响. 方法 试验采用3×2重复测量设计,以151名男性飞行员为受试对象,完成HUD速度、高度和航向信息3种不同显示格式共18幅画面的测试,并获取飞行员对每种显示格式"优、良、中、差"的等级评定.对正确率和反应时指标作重复测量的协方差分析和配对比较检验;对飞行员使用性评价指标作x2检验. 结果 在HUD速度信息画面测试中,对于飞行员的认知正确率,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=7.097,P＜0.001);"信息认知方式"的主效应显著(F=3.902,P＜0.05);飞行员正确认知"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的信息正确率期望值最高.对于飞行员的反应时指标,"受试对象类别"和"信息认知方式"的交互作用显著(F=2.905,P＜0.05);"飞行总时数"的主效应显著(F=6.637,P＜0.05);在使用性评价上,飞行员将3种显示格式分别评价为"优、良、中、差"的人数比例分布有非常显著的差异(x2=233.305,P＜0.001),其中82.1%的飞行员认为"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的显示格式为"优".在HUD高度信息画面测试中,对于飞行员的认知正确率,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=8.523,P＜0.001),"显示格式"和"飞行总时数"的交互作用显著(F=3.253,P＜0.05);飞行员正确认知"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"显示格式的信息正确率期望值最高;对于飞行员的反应时指标,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=10.869,P＜0.001);在使用性评价上,飞行员将3种显示格式分别评价为"优、良、中、差"的人数比例分布有非常显著的差异(x2=273.959,P＜0.001),其中有86.8%的飞行员认为"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的显示格式为"优".在HUD航向信息画面测试中,对于飞行员的认知正确率,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=11.418,P＜0.001),"显示格式"和"飞行总时数"的交互作用很显著(F=5.802,P＜0.01);飞行员正确认知"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"显示格式的信息正确率期望值最高;对于飞行员的反应时指标,"受试对象类别"的主效应显著(F=3.226,P＜0.05),"飞行总时数"的主效应显著(F=5.719,P＜0.05);在使用性评价上,飞行员将3种显示格式分别评价为"优、良、中、差"的人数比例分布有非常显著的差异(x2=226.324,P＜0.001),其中有88.7%的飞行员认为"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的显示格式为"优". 结论 对战斗机HUD速度、高度和航向信息的视觉显示建议优先采用"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"格式.

Effects of the display formats on pilots' cognitive performance with head-up display velocity, height and heading information in fighter

Objective To compare the effect of three display formats on pilots' cognitive performance with head-up display(HUD) velocity, height and heading information. Methods 3 ×2repeated measurement design was adopted in this experiment. One hundred and fifty-one male pilots joined in the research. They finished 18 menus and rated every display format with excellent, good,medium or bad. Covarianee analysis of repeated measurements and pairwise comparison tests were used to assess the difference of pilots' correct rates and reaction time with three display formats, and ehi-square tests were used for the pilots' ratings. Results For the pilots' correct rate in HUD velocity menus, the main effect of display formats was very significant(F= 7. 097,P＜0. 001) ,and the main effect of cognitive mode of information was significant(F= 3. 902 ,P＜0.05). The expectancy of correct rate that pilots accurately identified the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window was the highest.For the pilots' reaction time, the interaction effect of the type of participants and the cognitive mode of information was significant(F= 2. 9051, P＜0.05). The main effect of the total time of flight was significant(F= 6. 637,P＜0.05). For the pilots' subjective rating, the proportion distribution of the raters with "excellent, good, medium or bad" was very significant (X2= 233. 305,P＜0. 001), and 82.1 percent pilots considered the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window excellent. For the pilots'correct rate in HUD height menus, the main effect of display formats was very significant(F= 8. 523,P＜0. 001), and the interaction effect of the display formats and the total time of flight was significant (F=3. 253,P＜0.05). The expectancy of correct rate that pilots accurately identified the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window was the highest. For the pilots' reaction time, the main effect of the display formats was very significant(F= 10. 869,P＜0. 001). For the pilots' subjective rating, the proportion distribution of the raters with"excellent, good, medium or bad" was very significant (x2=273. 959,P＜0. 001) ,and 86.8 percent pilots considered the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window excellent. For the pilots' correct rate in HUD heading menus, the main effect of display formats was very significant (F=11. 418,P＜0. 001), and the interaction effect of the display formats and the total time of flight was significant(F=5. 802,P＜0. 01). The expectancy of correct rate that pilots accurately identified the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window was the highest. For the pilots' reaction time, the main effect of the type of participants was significant(F= 3. 226,P＜0.05), and the main effect of the total time of flight was significant(F= 5. 719, P＜0.05). For the pilots' subjective rating, the proportion distribution of the raters with "excellent, good, medium or bad" was very significant (x2=226. 324,P＜0. 001) ,and 88.7 percent pilots considered the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window excellent.Conclusion It was suggested that the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window was firstly adopted for the display formats with HUD velocity, height and heading in fighter.