后路钉棒系统术中复位内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位

目的 分析后路钉棒系统术中复位内固定治疗在寰枢椎脱位的临床效果.方法 回顾分析2007年1月-2009年5月治疗的寰枢椎脱位患者27例,男18例,女9例;年龄13～51岁,平均31岁.其中,陈旧性齿状突骨折11例,齿状突游离小骨5例,寰椎横韧带断裂7例,类风湿性寰枢椎脱位4例.所有患者术前均难以获得良好复位,寰齿间距(atlantodens interval,ADI)8～15 mm,平均11mm.术中采用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定,利用弯棒提拉进行复位,并行椎板间植骨.治疗前按美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级:B级8例,C级15例,D级4例.结果 随访时间6～24个月,平均13个月.所有患者枕颈部症状得到改善,均获得骨性融合.术后ADI为2～4 mm,平均2.8 mm.术后ASIA脊髓神经功能分级:C级4例,D级12例,E级11例.无椎动脉及脊髓神经损伤患者.无内固定脱落、断裂、退钉等并发症.结论 后路钉棒系统能够对寰枢椎脱位进行有效的术中复位,具有操作简单、并发症少、疗效确切的优点.

Reduction and internal fixation for atlantoaxial dislocation with posterior screw-rod fixation system

Objective To evaluate the outcome of posterior screw-rod fixation system in reduction and internal fixation of atlantoaxial dislocation. Methods A retrospective study was done on 27 patients with atlantoaxial instability including 18 male and 9 female (at age range of 13-51 years, mean 31 years) from January 2007 to May 2009. There were 11 patients with chronic odontoid fractures, five with isolated bone odontoid, seven with transverse ligament rupture of atlas and four with rheumatoid arthritis. Skeletal reduction was performed in all the patients. The anterior atlantodens interval (ADI)ranged from 8 mm to 15 mm, average 11 mm. All the patients underwent an intraoperative reduction by posterior C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screws with rod fixation. According to American Spine Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale, there were eight patients at grade B, 15 at grade C and four at grade D. Results All patients were followed up for 6-24 months (average 13 months), which showed that the neck symptoms were improved, with bony union. The ADI was reduced to 2-4 mm (average 2.8 mm)postoperatively. Postoperative ASIA scale was grade C in four patients, grade D in 12 and grade E in 11.There were no neurologic or vascular complications occurred, or no failure of the internal fixtors, pseudarthrosis or instability. Conclusion Posterior screw-rod fixation system has advantages of simple procedures, few complications and good results and can be used for intraoperative reduction of atlantoaxial dislocation.