基于电刺激的外层型人工视网膜的研究进展

外层型视网膜假体采用了MEMS技术,通过植入到视网膜相应部位的电极来刺激神经节细胞,并且能够在大脑皮层视觉区域引起对应的特征电位反应,最终部分恢复生物体的视觉.这种外层型视网膜植入装置可分为眼外和眼内部分.后者功能相对重要,设计也较为复杂.它是由包含MPDA和微电极的刺激芯片及附属装置组成.本篇文章主体包括四部分:首先是视网膜假体的概况;其次是视网膜生理基础和视网膜假体理论的简介;在第三部分,为设计理念和MPDA的制造过程;最后,是对难题的讨论和未来发展的展望.

Research Progress of Subretinal Implant Based on Electronic Stimulation

Subretinal prosthesis is one kind of retinal prosthesis,which means that a microimplant based on MEMS technology is inserted in the subretinal space to stimulate the optic nerve and elicit an electrical-evoked response on the cortical region.The subretinal implant is made up of extraocular part and intraocular part.As an important part,the latter consists of accessorial setting and stimulation chip that contains microphotodiode array(MPDA) and microelectrodes.The paper main body is made up of four parts.Firstly significance of the retinal prosthesis is given out;secondly fundamentals on both in retina physiology and retinal prosthesis theory are introduced simply.Then the key segment about the subretinal microimplant is presented in detail.In the third segment,first of all is its design concept,the second is fabrication of MPDA which consists of several parts.First is microscopic configuration,electric prototype schematic and chip image CMOS.The second is detailed fabrication flow with several special materials.Then is situation of its dimension.The fourth segment presents challenge and outlook.