涂阳肺结核患者密切接触者感染防护现状

目的对痰涂片阳性（涂阳）肺结核患者密切接触者的感染防护情况进行调查，进一步做好结核感染预防控制工作。方法采取现场调查和问卷调查的方式，对54例涂阳肺结核患者的125名密切接触者进行调查。结果涂阳肺结核患者的家属、同事和同学对结核感染预防控制知识的平均总知晓率分别为65.80%、74.05%、70.53%，不同密切接触者的平均总知晓率差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.96, P=0.151）。125名肺结核密切接触者管理措施、环境控制（环境通风、环境物品消毒、患者痰液消毒）及个人防护实施人数百分率分别为96.00%、64.80%、59.20%，措施合格率分别为80.00%、74.90%、31.08%；不同类型接触者防护措施实施人数百分率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=29.32，P=0.002）；实施防护措施的合格率差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.85，P=0.416）。结论涂阳肺结核密切接触者自我防护意识淡薄，防护措施不到位，存在感染风险，应加强结核感染预防控制知识及措施的健康教育。

Protection status among close contacts of sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients

ObjectiveTo investigate protection status among close contacts of sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis （TB） patients, so as to improve the prevention and control of TB infection.MethodsOn the spot and questionnaire survey were adopted to investigate 125 persons who had close contact with 54 cases of sputum smear positive pulmonary TB patients.ResultsThe average awareness rate of knowledge about prevention and control on TB infection among family members, colleagues, and classmates of smear positive TB patients was 65.80%, 74.05% and 70.53% respectively, the average awareness rate among different close contacts had no statistical difference （χ2=3.96, P=0.151）.Of 125 close contacts, the percentage of persons who had implementation of management measures, environmental control （environmental ventilation, disinfection of environmental surfaces, and disinfection of patients’ sputum）, and personal protection was 96.00%,64.80%,and 59.20% respectively, the qualified implementation rate of measures was 80.00%,74.90%,and 31.08% respectively; the percentage of implementing measures among different close contacts had statistical difference（χ2=29.32，P=0.002）, the qualified implementation rate of measures had no statistical difference（χ2=1.85，P=0.416）.ConclusionClose contacts of pulmonary TB patients lack self protection awareness, protective measures are inadequate, there is a risk of infection, education about prevention and control of pulmonary TB should be intensified.