肠内营养在高龄多器官功能障碍综合征患者中的应用

目的 探讨不同途径营养支持治疗对高龄多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者脏器功能恢复及预后的影响.方法 将确诊为MODS高龄患者85例随机分组为2组,肠内营养组43例,通过鼻饲管或内镜下经皮胃/肠造瘘术(PEG/PEJ)给予营养支持,全胃肠外营养组(对照组)42例,经中心静脉治疗,总疗程至少2个月；比较两组患者治疗前后体质指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、肝肾功能、电解质、血糖、血脂、血清白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)及前白蛋白(PA)、免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+,CD4+、CD4+/CD8+)等指标.结果 在摄入同等热量和氮量的条件下,两组患者血Hb、BMI、血清ALB、TRF及PA水平在营养支持治疗后第1个月(t1EN=2.672、2.440、2.209、3.331和5.025,t1TPN=2.720、2.337、2.179、3.418和2.221)、第2个月(t2EN =2.279、3.021、2.337、3.005和5.779,t2TPN=2.118、2.956、3.018、3.310和2.119)较治疗前均有明显改善(均为P＜0.05),肠内营养组PA水平较对照组变化更明显(t=2.336,P＜0.05).对照组治疗后第1、2个月都出现高脂血症(t1TPN=3.609,P＜0.05；t2TPN =3.114,P＜0.05).肠内营养组治疗第1、2个月后血IgG、IgA较治疗前均明显升高(t1 EN=2.664、2.437,P＜0.05；t2 EN=2.983、3.005,P＜0.05),血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平在治疗2个月后改变明显(t=2.399、3.478、2.579和3.995,P＜0.05),IgM于治疗后第2个月有明显升高(t=3.886,P＜0.05).肠内营养组中34例PEG/PEJ术前反复发生吸入性肺炎,术后2个月内仅发生5例(x2=51.12,P＜0.05)；术后2个月反流性食管炎发生率减少、严重程度较术前明显减轻(x2=13.53,P＜0.05).结论 及时、充分的胃肠内营养支持治疗,可有效改善高龄MODS患者全身状况及营养；PEG/PEJ术可减少因鼻饲管引发的吸入性肺炎和反流性食管炎的发生.

Application of enteral nutrition in the advanced elderly with multiple organ dysfunction syndromes

Objective To explore the effects of different ways of nutritional support on organ functional recovery and prognosis in the elderly with multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS).Methods 85 patients with MODS were randomized into enteral nutrition(EN) group (n=43 cases)and total parenteral nutrition(TPN) as control group (n=42 cases).EN group received nutritional support by nasogastric feeding tube or percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy (PEG)/ percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ),and TPN group got nutrition by central vein for at least 2 months of therapeutic course.Body mass index (BMI),hemoglobin (HB),functions of liver and kidney,electrolytes,blood glucose and lipid,serum albumin(ALB),transferring(TRF),prealbumin (PA),immunoglobulin(IgA,IgG,IgM),leukomonocyte (CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+) were compared between two groups before and after treatment.Results The levels of Hb,BMI,ALB,TRF and PA after treatment for 1 and 2 months significantly improved (t1EN =2.672,2.440,2.209,3.331,5.025,t1TpN=2.720,2.337,2.179,3.418,2.221 and tEN2nd maonh=2.279,3.021,2.337,3.005,5.779,tTPN2nd month=2.118,2.956,3.018,3.310,2.119,all P＜0.05) in two groups as compared with before treatment,and there was remarkable difference in the level of PA between EN group and TPN group(t=2.336,P＜0.05).Hyperlipemia at 1 and 2 months after treatment occurred in TPN group (t1TPN =3.609,t2TPN =3.114,P＜0.05).The levels of IgG (t1st month=2.664,t2nd month =2.983,P＜0.05) and IgA (t1st month =2.437,t2nd month =3.005,P＜0.05) were higher after treatment for 1 and 2 months than before treatment.The levels of CD3+,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ cells improved (t2nd month =2.399,3.478,2.579,3.995,P ＜ 0.05 ) and IgM (t2nd month =3.886,P＜0.05) increased after treatment for 2 months in EN group.In EN group,aspiration pneumonia appeared in 34 cases and the occurrence rate decreaed (x2 =51.12,P ＜ 0.05 ) after PEG/PEJ operation (only 5 cases).Reflux esophagitis reduced and alleviated 2 months after PEG/PEJ operation (x2=13.53,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Timely sufficient EN support may improve nutritional and immunological status in elderly patients with MODS.PEG/PEJ can reduce the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia and reflux esophagitis caused by the nasogastric feeding tube.