老年急性白血病患者的染色体核型分析

目的 探讨急性白血病患者的染色体核型分布特征及不同年龄组患者染色体预后分层特征.方法 采用骨髓短期培养和G显带技术对215例急性白血病患者进行染色体核型分析.结果 215例患者中,有足够可供分析分裂相者202例,检出异常克隆149例(73.8％),各年龄组异常克隆检出率分别为,≤30岁组73.0％(27/37),31～59岁组74.4％(64/86),≥60岁组73.4％(58/79),各年龄组异常克隆检出率差异无统计学意义(P=0.982).在检出分裂相的171例急性髓性白血病(AML)患者中,预后良好核型41例(24.0％),预后中等核型80例(46.8％),预后不良核型50例(29.2％)；预后良好核型中以t(15；17)最多(占65.9％)；预后中等核型中以正常核型为主(占53.8％)；预后不良核型中以复杂异常为主(占84.0％).≤30岁组预后良好、中等及不良染色体核型所占百分比分别为50.0％、36.4％和13.6％;31～59岁组分别为24.3％、48.7％和27.0％；≥60组分别为16.0％、48.0％和36.0％.≤30岁组预后良好核型所占比例较其他两组高(分别为P=0.021和0.001),≥60岁组预后不良核型所占比例高于≤30岁组(P=0.046).29例急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者具有预后不良核型者10例.结论 急性白血病患者染色体核型分析可为预后分层提供重要依据,AML患者随着年龄增长预后不良核型比例逐渐增高.

Karyotype characteristic of elderly patients with acute leukemia

Objective To explore the karyotype distribution in elderly patients with acute leukemia (AL) and compare the prognostic characteristics of karyotype by age grouping.Methods Chromosomal karyotypes were analyzed in 215 cases with AL using the short-term culture of bone marrow cells and G-banding technique.Results There were 202 cases with enough mitosis for analysis and 149 cases(73.8％)with abnormal clone in 215 patients with AL.The rates of abnormal clone were 73.0％ (27/37),74.4％(64/86) and 73.4％ (58/79) in patients aged ≤30,31-59 and ≥60 years,respectively,and no difference were found among age groups (P=0.982).Among 171 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with detected mitosis,there were 41 better-risk cases (24.0 ％) with most frequent aberration of t(15;17) accounting for 65.9 ％,80 intermediate-risk cases (46.8 ％ ) with principal of normal karyotype accounting for 53.8 ％,and 50 poor-risk cases (29.2 ％)with complex karyotype occupied by 84.0％.The karyotype percentage of better-risk,intermediaterisk and poor-risk were 50.0％,36.4％ and 13.6％ in patients aged ≤30 years,24.3％,48.7％ and 27.0％ in aged 31-59 years,and 16.0％,48.0％ and 36.0％ in aged ≥ 60 years,respectively.The rate of better-risk karyotype was higher in patients aged ≤30 years than the other two groups (P=0.021and P=0.001) and the ratio of poor-risk karyotype higher in patients aged ≥ 60 years than in patients aged ≤30 years (P=0.046).Among 29 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL),10 cases had poor-risk and 19 cases had intermediate-risk karyotype.Conclusions Karyotype analysis provides an important basis for risk assessment and the rate of poor-risk karyotype may increase with the ageing in patients with AML.