儿童视觉搜索的速度-正确率平衡

目的:本研究采用新的统计方法处理速度-正确率平衡问题。方法:提出了"真实能力"和"使用策略"两个指标,而不采用传统的根据正确率的指标删除某些被试后再做统计的方法。结果:在儿童视觉搜索能力的发展中,对字母和汉字的真实搜索能力的发展存在这样的规律:搜索字母的真实能力从8到9岁有显著的提高,搜索汉字则从10到11岁有显著的提高,对数字的搜索则从7到12岁都有稳步的提高;而在搜索策略的使用方面:对于字母搜索的策略的显著提高出现在9到10岁的过渡,对数字搜索的策略在11到12岁有非常显著的提高。结论:新的统计方法支持了视觉搜索是以平行加工为主,部分存在序列加工的理论,而且其中的序列加工只和被试的策略有关,而与其真实能力无关。

Speed-accuracy Trade-off Effect on Children''''s Visual Search

Objective:We created a new approach to study the effect of speed-accuracy trade-off phenomenon which made up some short comings of the classical approach.Methods:Two concepts of true ability and applying strategy have been used to solve the problem of children's visual search ability.Results:In the development of children's true ability of visual search,children got improvement during 8 to 9 years old on the search for alphabets,and the improvement for Chinese characters was during 10 to 11 years old.In the development of children's applying strategy,there were two important periods:from 9 to 10 years old on alphabet searching and from 11 to 12 years old on number searching.Conclusion:The new approach supports that visual search is mainly a parallel process,but a partly serial process,and the latter has a very close relationship with the application of strategy.