老年呼吸疾病患者医院感染调查分析

目的 调查老年呼吸疾病患者医院感染的趋势和特点。方法 采用回顾性调查方法对我院老年呼吸疾病住院患者临床资料进行分析。结果 所有患者中发现医院感染105例，发生率17．6％。其中以呼吸道最高，依次为胃肠道，泌尿道。主要致病菌为真菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。医院感染发生率和病情严重程度，住院时间，意识，吞咽障碍，放化疗，糖皮质激素和预防应用抗生素，合并糖尿病，脑血管疾病相关。结论 老年患者医院感染由于多种因素相互作用结果，预防和治疗医院感染需要采取综合措施。

Nosocomial infections in the elderly patients with respiratory disease: a clinical analysis

Objective To investigate the clinical features and pathogens of nosocomial infections in the elderly patients with respiratory disease. Methods A retrospective analysis method was used. The data were from hospitalized patients. Results Among all patients, 105 cases (156 episodes) of nosocomial infection were identified. The prevalence rate was 17.6%. The most common nosocomial infection was in respiratory tract, followed by gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract. The most common pathogens were fungus and Klebsiella penumoniae. The incidence rate of nosocomial infection was related to the severity of underlying disease, hospital stay, conscious status, swallowing disorder, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, preventive antibiotic therapy and in patients with diabetes and cerebrovascular diseases. Logistic regression analysis indicated that antibiotic use, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, longer hospital stay were independent risk factors of nosocomial infection. Conclusions The results show that the nosocomial pulmonary infection in elderly patients is caused by interaction of many risk factors. Comprehensive measures are necessary for effective prevention and control of nosocomial infections in elderly patients.