Temperament,character and personality disorders |
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| Authors: | P. Jylhä M. Ketokivi O. Mantere T. Melartin K. Suominen M. Vuorilehto M. Holma I. Holma E. Isometsä |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;2. Department of Psychiatry, Jorvi Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Espoo, Finland;3. Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;4. City of Helsinki, Health Centre, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland;5. Operations and Technology Department, IE Business School, Madrid, Spain;6. Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;1. Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States;2. Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women''s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States;3. Center for Human Genetic Research, Laboratory of Psychiatric Pharmacogenomics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States;4. Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States;5. University of Utah, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States;6. VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, United States;7. Information Systems, Partners HealthCare System, Inc., Charlestown, MA 02129, United States;8. Laboratory of Computer Science, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States;9. 2b2 National Center for Biomedical Computing, Brigham and Women''s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, United States;10. Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA 02301, United States;11. Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States;1. Team BEBG Inserm CRICM U975, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France;2. Inserm U669, Maison de Solenn, 97, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France;3. Centre des troubles anxieux et de l’humeur, 117, rue de Rennes, 75006 Paris, France;4. Clinique d’investigation des cognitions et du comportement, Psychiatry Department, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;2. Psychiatric Clinic, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland;3. Turku Psychiatric Clinic, Turku Mental Health Centre, Turku, Finland;4. Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands;5. Mediant, Enschede, Netherlands;6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;7. Peijas Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;8. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;9. Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, Bochum, Germany;10. Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands;11. School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom;12. Youthspace–Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom;13. University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;1. Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK;2. Dudley and Walsall Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Dudley, UK;3. Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK;4. Belgrade University School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia;5. Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;6. School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia;7. Department of Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy;8. School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;9. Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;10. Faculty of Philosophy, University of Skopje, FYR, Macedonia;11. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo study, whether temperament and character remain stable over time and whether they differ between patients with and without personality disorder (PD) and between patients with specific PDs.MethodsPatients with (n = 225) or without (n = 285) PD from Jorvi Bipolar Study, Vantaa Depression Study (VDS) and Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study were interviewed at baseline and at 18 months, and in the VDS also at 5 years. A general population comparison group (n = 264) was surveyed by mail.ResultsCompared with non-PD patients, PD patients scored lower on self-directedness and cooperativeness. Cluster B and C PDs associated with high Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance, respectively. In logistic regression models, sensitivity and specificity of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) dimensions for presence of any PD were 53% and 75%, and for specific PDs from 11% to 41% and from 92% to 100%, respectively. The 18-month test-retest correlations of TCI-R dimensions ranged from 0.58 to 0.82.ConclusionsMedium-term temporal stability of TCI in a clinical population appears good. Character scores differ markedly between PD and non-PD patients, whereas temperament scores differ only somewhat between the specific PDs. However, the TCI dimensions capture only a portion of the differences between PD and non-PD patients. |
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| Keywords: | Personality disorder Comorbidity Temperament Character Personality |
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