某些地方性疾病地区环境中硒的研究──硒的水平及形态

于全国８省市自治区内克山病、大骨节病氟中毒和硒中毒等地方病区，癌症和肝炎地区性的高发区及正常地区内的３０个调查点，采集空气、水、土壤等环境样品，分析硒水平及硒存在形态。调查结果为空气硒：室内以陕西永寿大骨节病区最低３．３ｎｇ／ｍ３，湖北建始县硒中毒区最高６１４．２μｇ／ｍ３；室外空气硒浓度以云南宣威肺癌多发区最低为０．３ｎｇ／ｍ３，仍是建始县的最高３７１．１ｎｇ／ｍ３；室内外空气颗粒物中硒９０％存于＞１０μｍ的细颗粒物中。室外空气中气态硒的百分比（均值为２３．３％）高于室内（均值为９．７％）；颗粒物中不同价态硒分布云南的以Ｓｅ（Ⅵ）为主占６３．５％，陕西以Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）为主占５６．７％，湖北的以Ｓｅ（＜Ⅳ）为主占７９．５％，土壤硒为５８（克山病区）～９０３７ｎｇ／ｇ（硒中毒区），水溶性硒占总硒的百分比以硒中毒、氟中毒、克山病及大骨节病等地区较低，多在５％以下，其它地区的较高，多在１０％以上；其不同价态硒的百分比分布与空气颗粒物的基本一致。水中硒含量大部分在０．３ｎｇ／Ｌ以下，只有高硒和硒中毒地区为１～６８３ｎｇ／Ｌ。不同价态硒的百分比的分布以Ｓｅ（Ⅵ）为主均值７１．４％，Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）均值１８．５％，Ｓｅ（＜Ⅳ）均?

Studies on the selenium in environment of endemic disease areas──the levels and forms of selenium

The levels and forms of selenium in air,water and soil were studied in 30 areas with endemic Keshan disease, Kaschin Beck-disease, fluorosis caused by coal burning, selenosis, regional cancer and hepatitis, and normal areas in 8 provinces /cities in China. Results showed that the selenium levels in air indoor were 3.3ng/m3 (Kaschin Beck-disease area in Yongshou county of Shanxi province)～614.2μg/m3(selenosis area in Jianshi county of Hubei province)and Se levels in air outdoor were 0.8ng/m3(regional cancer area in Xuanwei of Yunnan province)～371. 1ng/m3(selenosis area above mentioned).However,90%selenium in air indoor or outdoor existed in particles(<10μm) The percentages of gaseous Se in outdoor air and indoor air were 23.3%and 9.7%,respectively. The percentages of various valences of Se were 63.5%of Se(Ⅵ)in Yunnan,56.7%of Se(Ⅳ) in Shanxi,79.5%of Se(<Ⅳ)in Hubei.The Se contents in soil were 58ng/g(in Keshan disease area)～9037ng/g(in selenosis area). The percentages of water soluble selenium in soil were lower (<5%)in selenosis,fluorosis,Keshan disease and Kaschin Beck-disease areas. The percentages were higher(>10%)in the other areas investigated. The distribution of different valence of water soluble Se in soil accorded basically with that in air. Most of Se contents in water were lower than 0. 3ng/L,except in high Se and selenosis areas where they were 1～683/L,of which Se(Ⅵ)was 7.4%,Se(Ⅳ)18.5%,and Se(<Ⅳ)10.1. To sum up,the endemic diseases in studied areas related certainly with Se level in environmental samples,but irrelated obviously with the forms of Se existing in environment.