孕早期妇女艾滋病和梅毒相关知识知晓情况及抗体筛查的影响因素分析

目的了解孕早期妇女艾滋病和梅毒相关知识知晓情况,分析影响孕妇在孕期接受相应抗体检测的影响因素。方法 2012年2月至2013年1月期间对广州市越秀区户籍孕早期妇女进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括调查对象人口学特征、对艾滋病、梅毒的传播途径、预防措施、母婴传播知识、孕期相关检测的态度和行为等。对孕妇孕期接受HIV抗体和梅毒螺旋体抗体筛查检测的影响因素进行logistic回归分析。结果共调查孕妇6012人,平均年龄（29.07±3.57）岁,文化程度以本科及以上为主（占60.83%）。职业以干部、职员为主（占38.31%）。调查对象艾滋病/梅毒一般知识知晓率为81.74%（24 570/30 060）,传播途径知识知晓率为76.72%（36 898/48 096）,母婴传播知识知晓率为78.69%（14 193/18 036）,预防措施知晓率为80.82%（48 588/60 120）。81.90%的调查对象表示愿意参加免费HIV抗体和梅毒螺旋体抗体检测,但仅有55.19%的调查对象参加本次抗体检测。多因素分析结果发现,没有做过婚检的比做过婚检的孕妇本次接受相关检测的可能性更高（OR=1.207）,从来没有检测过HIV抗体的孕妇比既往检测过HIV抗体者本次进行检测的可能性较高（OR=1.805）,表示不愿意接受免费检测的孕妇本次接受采样检测的可能性是表示愿意者的0.548倍。结论孕妇艾滋病和梅毒母婴传播知识知晓率较低,应对孕妇提供有针对性的宣传和健康教育,建立多层次的筛查服务体系,推动孕妇在孕早期接受艾滋病和梅毒的检测,从而预防艾滋病和梅毒的母婴传播。

Status of HIV/AIDS and syphilis related knowledge of early pregnant women and influencing factors on screening test

Objective To study the awareness of HIV/AIDS and syphilis related knowledge among early pregnant women and to understand its influencing factors on accepting screening tests. Methods Early pregnant women,who were residents in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou,were surveyed with questionnaire from February 2012 to January 2013. The contents of questionnaire included demographic characteristics,awareness of HIV / AIDS and syphilis transmission related knowledge,prevention,attitude and behavior on screening test for pregnant women. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results A total of 6 012 pregnant women were surveyed. Their average age was（ 29. 07 ±3. 57） years,60. 83% of them were bachelor degree,and 38. 31% of their jobs were cadre or staff. Of them,81. 74% understood general knowledge of HIV / AIDS and syphilis,76. 72% understood the transmission route of AIDS and syphilis,78. 69% knew the mother-to-child transmission（ MTCT）,and awareness rate of preventive measures was 80. 82%. Although 81. 90% of the respondents expressed their willingness to participate in the free screening tests of HIV and syphilis antibodies,only 55. 19% of them had their blood tested for free testing on anti-HIV and treponema pallidum particle agglutination（ TPPA）. Multivariate regression showed that pregnant women who did not have premarital medical check-up had more possibility to accept the related testing compared with those who did（ OR = 1. 207）,pregnant women who had never detected HIV antibodies had higher possibility to accept HIV antibodies detected than those who previously had HIV antibodies detected（ OR = 1. 805）,and the possibility of accepting free testing in those who expressed unwilling to accept the free test was 0. 548 times compared with those who expressed willing to do it. Conclusion The awareness rate of HIV and syphilis MTCT knowledge of pregnant women is relatively low. Health education should be strengthened in early pregnant women to improve their aw