2008年夏季北京市沙门菌腹泻监测结果分析

目的了解北京市沙门菌致病现状、发病特征,掌握沙门氏菌血清型别和耐药谱的变化。方法按病例定义采集初诊腹泻患者粪便标本,进行血清学检查和药敏试验。结果2008年夏季,6家医院检出38株沙门菌,阳性率4.83%（38/786）;患者以中青年为主,男女性别比为1.9∶1,主要临床表现为腹泻、发热、恶心、呕吐。38株菌分布于11个血清型,最多的是肠炎沙门菌,其次是鼠伤寒沙门菌。所有菌株对头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟完全敏感,耐药性最高的是萘啶酸,耐药率达到了65.69%。结论沙门菌感染引起的腹泻具有较明显的特征,有助于提高检出率;耐药监测可对合理用药提供指导。

Surveillance of Salmonella diarrhea in Beijing in summer of 2008

Objective To investigate the current status and incidence pattern of Salmonella infection in Beijing, find out the change on the serotype and drug resistance spectrum of Salmonella. Methods According to the case definition, the stool samples were taken from the diarrhea patients who made the first visit to hospital to conduct serological and drug resistance tests. Results In the summer of 2008, 38 strains of Salmonella were detected in 6 hospitals with the positive rate of 4.83% （38/786）. More cases occurred in young adults and the male to female ratio was 1.9： 1. Clinical symptoms included diarrhea, fever, nausea and vomiting. Eleven serotypes were found for 38 strains of Salmonella. The predominating strain was Salmonella enteritidis, followed by Salmonella typhimurium. All strains were sensitive to Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Cefepime, and the resistance rate to Nalidixic Acid was 65.69%. Conclusion The clinical feature of diarrhea caused by Salmonella infection is obvious, which is favorable for the case detection. Drug resistance surveillance could facilitate the rational use of antibiotics.