老年人口腔健康调查及其影响因素分析

目的调查老年人群口腔健康现状并分析其影响因素。方法采用牙缺失情况相关调查表、口腔检查表对443例口腔科就诊的老年人进行横断面调查研究。结果443例老年人群中,存在牙缺失270(60.95%)例,75岁以上人群牙缺失比例最高为74.40%(93/125)。缺牙人群中,高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中的发病率分别为17.78%(48/270)、12.59%(34/270)、35.56%(96/270)、7.41%(20/270)。性别、年龄、基础疾患(高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中)、口腔健康知识(刷牙时牙龈出血是否正常)、口腔健康行为(刷牙频率、牙线使用频率)是影响老年人群牙缺失发生的危险因素。结论老年人群口腔健康状况不容乐观,牙缺失比例较高,口腔健康知识缺乏,口腔健康行为差。护理人员在开展健康教育时,除了分析性别、年龄、基础疾病等方面对老年人口腔健康的影响,还可针对刷牙频率、牙线使用频率、口腔健康知识掌握情况等口腔健康行为进行健康宣教。

Investigation on oral health status of the elderly people and its influencing factors

Objective To investigate the oral health status of the elderly people and its influencing factors.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 443 elderly patients who visited the Department of Stomatology in a first-class hospital in Changsha,Hunan Province from February to July 2019.Demographic data,oral health knowledge and behavioral factors,and oral examination status of the subjects were collected from the questionnaire and oral examination table to understand the oral health status of the elderly and analyze the influencing factors.Results Among the 443 elderly patients,270 of whom with tooth loss,the overall incidence was 60.95%.The highest proportion of tooth loss was in the population of people over 75 years old(74.40%,93/125).The incidence of diabetes mellitus,coronary heart disease,hypertension and stroke were 17.78%(48/270),12.59%(34/270),35.56%(96/270)and 7.41%(20/270),respectively.The univariate analysis showed that Gender,age,basic diseases,oral health knowledge(is it normal for gums to bleed when brushing),and oral health behaviors(frequency of tooth brushing and?flossing)were risk factors influencing the tooth loss in the elderly(P<0.05).Conclusion The tooth loss rate of the elderly remains in a high status,and the situation such as lack of oral health knowledge and poor oral health behavior is not optimistic.Gender,age,underlying diseases,health awareness of gingival bleeding,frequency of tooth brushing and frequency of dental floss are independent risk factors for tooth loss in the elderly.