马兜铃酸类成分研究进展

马兜铃酸类成分是具有硝基菲结构母核的一类化合物，主要存在于马兜铃科马兜铃属及细辛属植物中。自上世纪90年代马兜铃酸肾毒性首次报道以来，其安全性问题一直备受关注与重视，我国自2003年起已禁用马兜铃酸含量高的关木通、广防己和青木香等药材。但是，一些马兜铃酸成分含量低的许多中药品种仍在使用，鉴于马兜铃酸类成分明确的肾毒性、致癌致突变等危害，有必要进一步加强相关产品的风险评估。因此，本文对马兜铃酸类成分信息、毒性作用、检测方法、标准收载及限度规定等研究现状进行了调研、总结与分析，为其准确定性、定量以及标准规定提供了理论基础，同时也为有关产品的风险控制与安全使用提供了科学依据，有利于更好地保障人民用药安全。

Research Progress on Aristolochic Acids

Aristolochic acid is a compound with a nucleus of nitrophenanthrene, which is mainly found in Aristolochia and Apocynum. Since the first report of aristolochic acid nephrotoxicity in the 1990s, its safety has been receiving much attention. Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis, Radix Aristolochia Fangji and Radix Aristolochiae with high content of aristolochic acids have been banned since 2003 in China. At present, some Chinese herbal medicines and preparations with low content of aristolochic acids are still in use. Due to the serious harmfulness of aristolochic acids to human, it is necessary to further strengthen the risk assessment of related species. Therefore, this review summarized the basic chemical information of the aristolochic acids and progress in detection and analysis methods in recent years. It provides a scientific basis for risk control and safe use of related species.