Affiliation: | (1) Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan;(2) Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan;(3) Division of Medical Management, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan;(4) Department of Health Management and Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan |