北京社区失能老年人与照护现状分析

目的了解北京社区失能老年人与照护现状。方法采取分层、随机、整群的抽样方法，入户调查西城区（城区）、大兴区（郊区农村）和怀柔区（山区农村）60岁及以上老年人2776例。采用日常生活活动能力量表评估老年人的失能状况。结果调查的老年人中失能老年人为324例，占11.7%，农村失能老年人构成比（16.8%）高于城区（7.4%）；随年龄增长失能率增高。10.8%的失能老年人为独居，无照料人同住，尤其农村及女性失能老年人独居比例高。失能老年人的照护人主要是子女（56.6%），其次是配偶（31.1%）。62.7%的失能老年人月均收入在500元以下，农村低收入比例明显高于城区。失能老年人家庭认为目前医药负担较重的占67.6%，其中28.7%的失能老年人家庭认为承受困难。结论老年人失能比例高，家庭与社会照护现状不能满足需求的增长，应探索和建立失能老年人长期照护的有效模式。

Analysis on disabled elderly and the current status of caring in communities of Beijing

Objective To understand the disabled elderly in Beijing and the current status of caring of them. Methods Stratified, random and cluster sampling methods were used, and household surveys were taken among 2776 cases of elderly aged 60 and above in Xicheng District （city）, Daxing District （rural outskirts） and Huairou District （moun-tainous countryside）. ADL （Activity of Daily Living Scale） was used to assess the elderly disability status. Results In the investigation, 324 elderly were disabled; accounting for 11.7%, the number of disabled elderly in rural areas was signifi-cantly higher than that in urban area, and the disability ratio increaseed along with the age growth. 10.8% of disabled el-derly live alone, not living with caregivers; the ratio was especially higher in rural area and for elderly women. Children of the elderly were mainly the caregivers for the disabled elderly, followed by the spouse. The average monthly income of 67.7% of the disabled was below 500 Yuan, and the low income ratio in rural area was obviously higher than in urban area. 67.6%of the elderly thought that the current medical burden was heavy, among which 28.7%of the disabled elderly considered that they could hardly bearing the burden. Conclusion High proportion of the disabled elderly, the present status of family and social care can not meet the demand growth. An effective mode of long-term care for disabled elderly should be explored and established.