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Responsiveness of the Self-Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE-Q) in patients with hallux valgus
Authors:Hisateru Niki  Naoki Haraguchi  Takafumi Aoki  Hiroko Ikezawa  Kazuo Ouchi  Ryuzo Okuda  Masataka Kakihana  Hiroaki Shima  Yasunori Suda  Masato Takao  Yasuhito Tanaka  Kota Watanabe  Shinobu Tatsunami
Affiliation:1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, Japan;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sanno Hospital, Japan;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keiko University, Japan;5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan;6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimizu Hospital, Japan;7. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Japan;8. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Japan;9. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Japan;10. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan;11. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Japan;12. Department of Physical Therapy, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences, Japan;13. Unit of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Education and Culture, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
Abstract:

Background

In this study, we investigated the responsiveness of the Self-Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE-Q) for patient's assessment before and after hallux valgus surgery.

Methods

Patient-reported answers on the SAFE-Q and Short Form-36 (SF-36) before and at a mean of 3–4 and 9–12 months after hallux valgus surgery were analyzed. Data of 100 patients (92 women, eight men) from 36 institutions throughout Japan were used for analysis.

Results

In all subscales of the SAFE-Q, the trend of increased scores after surgery was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Among the patients with available scores both before and at 9–12 months after surgery (n = 66), the largest effect sizes (ESs) were observed for shoe-related (1.60), pain and pain-related (1.05), and general health and well-being (0.84) scales. In the SF-36 (n = 64), the largest ES was observed for the bodily pain scale (0.86). Less notable changes were observed for the remaining SF-36 domains.

Conclusion

The SAFE-Q is the first patient-reported outcome measure which includes a quality of life assessment of shoes. In our cohort, the most remarkable responsiveness was observed for the shoe-related subscale. Based on its responsiveness, the SAFE-Q appears to be sufficient for evaluation of foot-related quality of life before and after surgery.
Keywords:Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery   St. Marianna University School of Medicine   2-16-1 Sugao   Miyamae-ku   Kawasaki   Kanagawa 216-8511   Japan. Fax: +81 44 977 9651.
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