腹腔镜术中联合胆道镜或十二指肠镜治疗胆总管结石

目的总结腹腔镜术中联合胆管镜或十二指肠镜治疗胆囊疾病合并细径胆总管（≤0．8cm）结石的治疗经验。方法首先完成腹腔镜下胆囊切除术。胆管镜法：经胆囊管残端扩张、经胆囊管胆总管汇合部切开或经胆总管前壁切口入路，采用胆管镜取石网取石和液电碎石取净结石，经胆囊管残端输尿管导管胆管引流、T管引流或行胆总管切口即时缝合术。十二指肠镜法：经胆囊管残端插入输尿管导管或斑马导丝至十二指肠腔，经口插入十二指肠镜至十二指肠乳头，针式刀或弓式刀在输尿管导管或斑马导丝指引下对乳头施行切开术，用十二指肠镜取石网或球囊取石。结果191例患者进行了联合治疗。联合胆管镜法治疗117例，术中胆管镜下均取净结石，平均手术时间114min；术后胆漏7例，均经术中常规放置的胆管引流和腹腔引流管引流治愈；术后影像学复查，胆总管切口即时缝合区呈现轻度狭窄影像2例。联合十二指肠镜法治疗74例，68例乳头切开和取石成功，5例乳头切开成功，1例中转为其他术式，平均手术时间97min；术后轻症胰腺炎6例。两组均无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、大出血、重症胰腺炎等严重并发症，无死亡。结论只要选择病例合适，腹腔镜术中联合胆管镜或十二指肠镜治疗细径胆总管结石是安全、有效且可行的。

Therapeutic laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy or duodenoscopy in detail choledochus stones

Objective To evaluate combination of cholcdochoscopy or duodenoscopy with therapeutic laparoscopy (LCDCS) in treatment of detail choledochus stones. Methods Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was firstly performed and followed by choledochoscopy or duodenoscopy. Procedures of therapeutic choledochoscopy were as follows: choledochoscopic exploration via cystic duct remnant, choledochotomy, electrohydralic lithothipsy, drainage of bile duct with ureteral catheter via cystic duct remnant, T-tube drainage, or the suture of duct incision. Procedures of therapeutic duodenoscopy were as follows: access to the common bile duct and duodenum through ureteric catheter and zebra guidewire via cholecystic duct remnant, duodenoscopy via oral cavity into the duodenum papilla, papillotomy with needle-knife or arch-like electro-knife along the ureteric catheter or zebra guidewire, and stone clearance in the common bile duct with the reticulation and balloon of duodenescopy. Results Combination therapy were given to 191 cholelithiasis patients with detail choledochus stones. Combined choledochoscopy were performed in 117 patients. Stones were completely removed and average operation time was 114 min. Bile leakage occurred in 7 cases, but was cured with drainage. Postoperative imaging showed 2 cases of bile duct stenosis at primary closure of duct incision. Combined duodenescopic procedures were performed in 74 patients. Papillotomy and stone clearance were successfully performed in 68 patients, 5 others of whom underwent successful papillotomy only, and another underwent other operations. Average operation time was 97 min. Post-operation mild acut pancreatitis developed in 6 patients. No perforation of intestine or bile duct, bleeding, severe pancreatitis, or death was observed in each group. Conclusion LCDCS was safe and effective with appropriate indications.