中国全新世女性颞下颌关节尺寸的时代变化*

目的：研究中国全新世女性颞下颌关节测量性状的时代变异问题。方法：对中国北方地区新石器时代（47 例）、青铜铁器时代（112 例） 和近代（26 例） 成年女性13 项颞下颌关节测量性状进行测量， 并运用SPSS19.0 软件对各时代测量性状数据进行平均值计算和不同时代间差异的假设检验。结果：髁突、冠突在全新世厚度变薄，髁突的变薄主要在新石器- 青铜铁器时代，冠突的变薄主要在青铜铁器- 近代。髁突面积在全新世缩小，尤其在青铜铁器时代- 近代缩小的幅度更大。下颌窝深度在全新世变化不大。髁突面积/ 下颌窝面积缩小，其变化主要发生在新石器- 青铜铁器时代。结论：全新世女性颞下颌关节仍在进化，女性颞下颌关节的演变特点与男性颞下颌关节有相似之处，也有差异。

Size variation of temporomandibular joint of Chinese adult females in the Holocene*

Objective To analyze morphological variation of female temporomandibular joint of northern China in theHolocene. Methods Thirteen temporomandibular joint traits of adult female skulls from China in the Neolithic（ 47 cases），Bronze （112 cases）and Modern Age （26 cases）were measured using traditional anthropometric method. SPSS19.0software was used to carry out the average calculation of measurement trait data of each era and the significance test amongdifferent periods. Results In the Holocene， the thickness of the condyle and corolla became thinner. Condylar processbecame thinner mainly from the Neolithic to Bronze Age. Coronoid process also became thinner， which mainly lasted fromBronze Age to Modern Age. The area of the condyle was also shrinking in the Holocene， which appeared in Bronze Age andlasted till the present day. In the Holocene， the depth of the mandibular fossa remained almost unchanged. Conclusion Inthe Holocene， the temporomandibular joint of females is still micro-evolving， with some traits similar to those of males.