Antipsychotic and sedative effects of the leaf extract of Crassocephalum bauchiense (Hutch.) Milne-Redh (Asteraceae) in rodents |
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| Authors: | Germain Sotoing Taï we,Elisabeth Ngo Bum,Emmanuel Talla,Amadou Dawe,Fleur Clarisse Okomolo Moto,Gwladys Temkou Ngoupaye,Neteydji Sidiki,Bernard Dabole,Paul Dé siré Djomeni Dzeufiet,Thé ophile Dimo,Michel De Waard |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon;2. Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon;3. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 836, Laboratoire Canaux Calciques, Fonctions et Pathologies, Grenoble Institut de Neurosciences, Université Joseph Fourier, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, Site santé de la Tronche, P.O. Box 170, 38042 Cedex 9, Grenoble, France;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon;5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon;6. Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon;g Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon;h Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon;i Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon;j Smartox Biotechnologies, Floralis, Biopolis, 5 Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700 La Tronche, France |
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| Abstract: | Ethnopharmacological relevanceCrassocephalum bauchiense (Hutch.) Milne-Redh (Asteraceae) has been used as a medicine for the treatment of epilepsy, insomnia, dementia and psychotic disorders in Cameroonian traditional medicine.Aim of the studyThis study was designed to examine whether the aqueous extract and the alkaloid fraction prepared from the leaves of Crassocephalum bauchiense possess antipsychotic and sedative properties in rodents.Materials and methodsThe rectal temperature of mice was recorded with a probe thermometer at a constant depth. Novelty-induced rearing behavior is used to evaluate a central excitatory locomotor behavior in mice. The antipsychotic effects of the extracts were assessed using the apomorphine animal model of psychosis. The catalepsy test was tested based on the ability of the leaves extracts of Crassocephalum bauchiense to alter the duration of akinesia by placing the naive mice with both forelegs over a horizontal bar. The extracts of Crassocephalum bauchiense effects were evaluated on sodium pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. In addition, gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations in the brain treated mice were also estimated.ResultsThe aqueous extract and the alkaloid fraction from Crassocephalum bauchiense caused dose-dependent inhibition of novelty-induced rearing behavior, decreased the apomorphine-induced stereotypy and fighting, and had significant fall of the body temperature. The aqueous extract prolonged the sodium pentobarbital sleeping time. This prolongation was not reversed by bicuculline, a light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors complex. However, the effect of the aqueous extract on sodium pentobarbital-induced sleeping time was blocked by N-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxamide, a partial inverse agonist of the benzodiazepine site in the GABAA receptor complex and flumazenil, a specific antagonist of the benzodiazepine site in the GABAA receptor complex. In biochemical experiments, the concentration of the inhibitory amino acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, was significantly increased in the brain of animals treated with the aqueous extract of Crassocephalum bauchiense and sodium valproate.ConclusionsThe results show that the antipsychotic and sedative properties of Crassocephalum bauchiense are possibly mediated via the blockade of dopamine D-2 receptors and GABAergic activation, respectively. However, pharmacological and chemical studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for these neuropharmacological actions and also to identify the active substances present in the extracts of Crassocephalum bauchiense. |
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| Keywords: | ANOVA, analysis of variance AE, aqueous extract AF, alkaloid fraction BIC, bicuculine CPZ, chlorpromazine DZP, diazepam FG 7142, N-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxamide GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid ID50, dose of extract necessary to reduce the response by 50% relative to the control value NIH, National Institutes of Health RO 151788, flumazenil S.E.M, standard error of the means SV, sodium valproate |
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