Factors associated with the age of natural menopause and menopausal symptoms in Chinese women |
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| Authors: | Lin Li Jie Wu Danhua Pu Yang Zhao Chunhua Wan Lihua Sun Cai-e Shen Weihua Sun Zhimin Yuan Qin Shen Xiaoyan He Jian Jiang Naimei Luo Ya He Qiuju Qian Peiqin Cai Mei Zhang |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People''s Republic of China;2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People''s Republic of China;3. Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, People''s Republic of China;4. Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi, People''s Republic of China;5. Maternal and Child Health Institute of Suzhou, Suzhou, People''s Republic of China;6. Lianyungang Maternal and Child Heath Hospital, People''s Republic of China;g Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai’an, People''s Republic of China;h Taizhou Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Taizhou, People''s Republic of China;i Yangzhou Women and children''s Health Care Hospital, Yangzhou, People''s Republic of China;j Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, People''s Republic of China;k Yancheng Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Yancheng, People''s Republic of China;l Dongtai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yancheng, People''s Republic of China;m Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, People''s Republic of China;n Suqian Maternity Hospital, Suqian, People''s Republic of China;o Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou, People''s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo investigate the factors associated with the age of natural menopause and menopausal symptoms in a large population of Chinese middle-aged women.Study designIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 20,275 women (40–65 years) attending health screening in Jiangsu Province of China were enrolled. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data of demographics, menopausal status, chronic diseases, reproductive history, etc. Also we evaluated the severity of menopausal symptoms by Kupperman menopause index (KMI).Main outcome measureMenopausal age and scorings of Kupperman menopause index.ResultsThe overall median age at natural menopause was 50 years. Lower educational level, poor economic status, lower body mass index (BMI), age at menarche less than 14 years, nulliparity and smoking were associated with earlier onset of natural menopause (P < 0.05). The most frequently symptoms in postmenopausal women were sexual problems (57.05%), muscle/joint pain (53.29%) and insomnia (51.02%), while fatigue, insomnia and muscle/joint pain were predominant symptoms in pre- and peri-menopausal women. After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis revealed that women with poor educational background, low income, divorce, higher BMI, higher parity, smoking and chronic diseases presented higher KMI scores (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe study provided an estimate of median age at natural menopause in Chinese women. The main factors contributing to earlier onset of menopause and severity of menopausal symptoms were lower educational level, poor economic status, and smoking. Thus, this study provides important insights for physicians to prevent and treat menopause related symptoms. |
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| Keywords: | BMI, body mass index CHD, coronary heart disease CI, confidence interval HR, hazard ratio HRT, hormone replacement therapy KMI, Kupperman menopause index LMP, last menstrual period OC, oral contraceptive OR, odds ratio SD, standard deviation STRAW, Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop SWAN, Study of Women's Health Across the Nation |
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