Evolution of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA during outbreaks |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King''s College London, UK;2. Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King''s College London, Guy''s Campus, London, UK;3. Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK;4. Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research (CIDR), King''s College London & Guy''s and St. Thomas'' NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT), London, UK;1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK;2. Wellcome Sanger Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK;3. Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK;4. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK |
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| Abstract: | Investigation of Staphylococcus aureus outbreaks, and particularly those due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in hospitals, can identify infection reservoirs and prevent further colonization and infection. During outbreaks, S. aureus genomes develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small genetic rearrangements, and/or acquire and lose mobile genetic elements (MGE) encoding resistance and virulence genes. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the most powerful method for discriminating between related isolates and deciding which are involved in an outbreak. Isolates with only minor variations are detectable and can identify MRSA transmission routes and identify reservoirs. Some patients may carry ‘clouds’ of related isolates, and this has consequences for how we interpret the data from outbreak investigations. Different clones of MRSA are evolving at different rates, influencing their typability. S. aureus genome variation reveals the importance of antibiotic resistance in the long term evolution of successful hospital clones, contributing to strategies to prevent the spread of successful MRSA clones. |
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| Keywords: | Evolution Hospital-associated MRSA Whole genome sequencing Antibiotic resistance |
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