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Screening of some kenyan medicinal plants for antibacterial activity
Authors:Cyrus G. Wagate  James M. Mbaria  Daniel W. Gakuya  Mark O. Nanyingi  P. G. Kareru  Anne Njuguna  Nduhiu Gitahi  James K. Macharia  Francis K. Njonge
Affiliation:1. Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053‐00625, Nairobi, Kenya;2. Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053‐00625, Nairobi, Kenya;3. Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000‐00200, Nairobi, Kenya;4. Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053‐00625, Nairobi, Kenya
Abstract:Eleven medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Machakos and Kitui District were screened, namely: Ajuga remota Benth, Aloe secundiflora Engl, Amaranthus hybridus L, Cassia didymobotrya Fes, Croton macrostachyus Del, Entada leptostachya Harms, Erythrina abyssinica DC, Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv, Schkuhria pinnata O. Ktze, Terminalia kilimandscharica Engl and Ziziphus abyssinica Hochst for potential antibacterial activity against four medically important bacterial strains, namely: Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Micrococcus lutea ATCC 9341 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The antibacterial activity of methanol extracts was determined as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The plant extracts were more active against Gram‐positive (G+) than Gram‐negative (G?) bacteria. The positive controls were streptomycin and benzylpenicillin for G? and G+ bacteria, respectively, both had a significant MIC at <1 mg/mL. The most susceptible bacteria were B. cereus, followed by M. lutea, while the most resistant bacteria were Ps. aeruginosa, followed by E. coli. The present study supports the use of these plants by the herbalists in the management of bacterial ailments. H. abyssinica and T. kilimandscharica showed the best antibacterial activity; hence these plants can be further subjected to phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords:medicinal plants  antibacterial activity  minimum inhibitory concentration
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