侧颅底应用解剖学研究

目的：通过对侧颅底解剖学结构的观察与测量，为临床侧颅底手术的定位、导航提供解剖学依据。方法10％甲醛浸泡的成人尸头10个（20侧），观测颈静脉球区域神经血管、颈内动脉毗邻的解剖关系。结果颈静脉球，其形态可分为隆起型和低平型，舌咽神经多位于颈静脉球前内侧者，迷走神经和副神经多位于颈静脉球内侧者，颈内动脉岩骨段距离鼓膜张肌的长度平均为2．2mm，距离下颌神经和脑膜中动脉的平均长度分别为6．9mm和6．8mm。结论侧颅底血管和神经分布密集，术者了解侧颅底血管和神经的解剖关系，有利于手术中安全扩大手术视野，避免术中损伤血管、神经。

Applied anatomy of the lateral skull base

Objective To provide anatomical understandings for the positioning and navigation of lateral skull base sur-gery by observing and measuring the anatomical structures of the lateral skull base.Methods The anatomical structures and relationship among jugular bulb, internal carotid artery, and the neighbouring nerves and vessles in 10 adult corpse heads （20sides ） immersed in 10%formaldehyde were studied.Results Jugular bulb could be divided into protrudent or flat type.The glossopharyngeal nerve usually lied in the front of the inside of jugular bulb.Vagus nerve and the ac-cessory nerve usually lied in the inside of it.The average distances from carotid to the tensor muscle, mandibular nerve and middle meningeal artery were 2.2 mm, 6.9 mm, and 6.8 mm, respectively.Conclusion In the lateral skill base, there are many large blood vessels and nerves.With the full understandings, the surgeons can avoid the unnecessary damages in surgery.